Final Exam: Metabolism

Question 1

Autotrophs

Answer 1

Organisms obtaining carbon from inorganic sources like carbon dioxide.

Question 2

Heterotrophs Organisms obtaining carbon from __ molecules produced by __.

Answer 2

organic; autotrophs

Question 3

Photoautotrophs are Plants, algae, and some bacteria using __ for __

Answer 3

sunlight; photosynthesis.

Question 4

Chemoheterotrophs are __ relying on organic molecules produced by __.

Answer 4

Animals and fungi; autotrophs

Question 5

Entropy __ with energy loss

Answer 5

increases

Question 6

Chemical Reactions are the process of transforming __, releasing or using __

Answer 6

molecules; energy.

Question 7

Light Energy is energy from the sun used by __ for __

Answer 7

photoautotrophs; photosynthesis.

Question 8

What type of energy is lost during entropy?

Answer 8

heat

Question 9

Energy Transfer Movement is the energy within or between __.

Answer 9

a system and surroundings

Question 10

Usable Energy is Energy available to do

Answer 10

work

Question 11

Chemical energy is stored within __, and used for __ processes.

Answer 11

organic molecules; cellular

Question 12

Equilibrium does what to entropy?

Answer 12

increases

Question 13

Diffusion does what to entropy?

Answer 13

increases

Question 14

Potential Energy is Energy due to the __ or __ (like a suspended wrecking ball)

Answer 14

position, state

Question 15

Gibbs Free Energy is the __ energy in a chemical reaction after accounting for __

Answer 15

Usable; entropy

Question 16

Delta G describes the __ in free energy during a chemical reaction

Answer 16

Change

Question 17

<∆G is both __ and __

Answer 17

exergonic; spontaneous

Question 18

> ∆G is both a __ and a __ reaction

Answer 18

non-spontaneous Endergonic

Question 19

Energy coupling links exergonic__ to power cellular work.

Answer 19

ATP hydrolysis

Question 20

Hydrolysis is ATP breakdown into __ (3) with water.

Answer 20

ADP, Pi, and free energy

Question 21

Chemiosmosis is the process in mitochondria and chloroplasts producing __.

Answer 21

ATP

Question 22

Photosynthesis

Answer 22

Conversion of solar energy into glucose for energy storage.

Question 23

Redox Reactions

Answer 23

Pairs of reactions involving oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons) that occur simultaneously. These reactions are essential in electron transport chains.

Question 24

Electron Transport Chains is a series of __ reactions involving the transfer of electrons between __.

Answer 24

redox; protein complexes embedded in membranes

Question 25

Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain (ETC) is a component of aerobic respiration in __ that uses atmospheric __. Electrons from NADH and FADH2 are shuttled through __, releasing __ with each transfer.

Answer 25

mitochondria; oxygen; protein complexes; energy

Question 26

Chloroplastic Electron Transport Chain (ETC) is a part of photosynthesis in chloroplasts that transforms light energy into (2)

Answer 26

ATP and NADPH.

Question 27

Chloroplastic ETC involves the buildup of __ in the __ to create a gradient for ATP production.

Answer 27

hydrogen ions; thylakoid lumen

Question 28

Thermodynamics is the study of __ and its transfer involving __

Answer 28

energy; physical matter

Question 29

Forms of energy (4)

Answer 29

electric, light, chemical and heat

Question 30

Sodium-potassium pump is a __ that uses ATP to transport sodium __ of the cell and potassium __ the cell.

Answer 30

cell membrane protein; out; into

Question 31

Phosphorylation

Answer 31

The addition of a phosphate group to a molecule

Question 32

ATP powers cellular work through

Answer 32

phosphorylation