Unit 1: What is Life Flashcards
What are the three domains of life?
Bacteria, archaea, eukarya
Prokaryotes
Organisms whose cells lack a nucleus
Eukarya (eukaryotes)
Organism with 1+ cells that contain a nucleus
Which of the 3 domains of life are prokaryotic?
Bacteria & archaea
Archaea are famous for inhabiting
Extreme environments
Eukarya includes what four organisms?
Animals, plants, fungi & protists
Protists
All eukaryotes that are not animals, plants or fungi
Atom
Fundamental unit of matter/elements
Molecule
2+ atoms held together by chemical bonds
Macromolecule
Large molecule composed of subunits
Organelle
Specialized subunit of cell
Cell
The basic unit of life
Tissue
Group of cells that carry out a similar function
Organ
Group of tissues uniting for a common function
Organ system
Group of organs working together
Organism
An individual living being
Population
Group of organisms living together of the same species
Community
All populations in the same area
Ecosystem
All living and non living things in an area
Biosphere
All ecosystems on earth
Four components that all cells share
Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes
What do ribosomes do?
Structures that synthesize protein
Emergent property
New characteristics that arise at each level of complexity, that are not present in simpler levels
Order of biological organization
Atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere
The cell is the basic unit of life in terms of…
Structure and function
ATP
Molecule used by cells to do “work”. The “energy currency” of the cell.
What are the four major macromolecules?
Proteins, carbohydrates, nucleic acids, and lipids
Evolution
Change in populations over time due to inherited (DNA) differences
Functions of the cell membrane
Mediate communication
Separate cell from universe
Control enter/exit
Are all organisms multicellular?
No they are unicellular and multicellular
The plasma membrane is primarily made out of
Phospholipids
In cells, the flow of information is from
DNA to RNA to protein
Example of a macromolecule
DNA
How old is the earth?
4.54 billion years old
Membrane delimited
Selectively permeable barrier
Homeostasis
Regulation of internal conditions
Name some variables of homeostasis in the human body
Temperature, HR, BP, respiratory rate, fluid balance, blood sugar levels
Classification of life
Taxonomy
A bacterium is an example of a
cell and organism
Virus cells lack
A cell membrane and ribosomes
Major properties of cellular life include (4)
Membrane delimited, evolves, displays homeostasis, stores and uses energy
Bacterium is an example of (3)
An organism and cell
