Test 3: Translation

Question 1

Codon

Answer 1

A three-nucleotide sequence specifying an amino acid

Question 2

A stop codon terminates __ and releases the __

Answer 2

protein synthesis; polypeptide chain

Question 3

Start Codon

Answer 3

The codon (AUG) that initiates translation and specifies the amino acid methionine

Question 4

The reading frame describes the way __ are grouped in sets of __ during __

Answer 4

nucleotides; three; translation

Question 5

Degeneracy

Answer 5

The concept of multiple codons encoding the same amino acid

Question 6

Ribosomes are responsible for __, composed of __(2)

Answer 6

protein synthesis; rRNAs and polypeptides

Question 7

Aminoacyl-tRNA

Answer 7

tRNA molecules carrying specific amino acids to the ribosome for protein synthesis

Question 8

Translation

Answer 8

The process of decoding mRNA to synthesize a polypeptide chain

Question 9

Peptide Bond

Answer 9

Covalent bond formed between amino acids during protein synthesis

Question 10

tRNA

Answer 10

Transfer RNA molecules that deliver amino acids to the ribosome during translation

Question 11

Genetic Code

Answer 11

information encoded in genetic material that is translated into proteins

Question 12

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases

Answer 12

Enzymes linking tRNA to correct amino acids

Question 13

The process of attaching amino acids to tRNA is called?

Answer 13

Charging

Question 14

The initiation complex is a formation process involving (4)

Answer 14

ribosome, mRNA, tRNA, and factors

Question 15

Elongation factors supply __ to the __ during __, for binding and translocation

Answer 15

energy; ribosome; translation

Question 16

Peptidyl transferase

Answer 16

Enzyme catalyzing peptide bond formation

Question 17

Release Factor

Answer 17

Protein binding to stop codon for translation termination

Question 18

Signal Sequence

Answer 18

Directs protein to specific cellular compartment

Question 19

Chaperones

Answer 19

Helper molecules preventing protein aggregation

Question 20

Formylation

Answer 20

Adding formyl group to methionine in tRNA

Question 21

Initiator tRNA

Answer 21

Special tRNA starting polypeptide synthesis

Question 22

Ribosomal Subunits

Answer 22

Structural components of ribosome: 30S, 50S, 40S, 60S

Question 23

Translation Efficiency

Answer 23

Higher with closer adherence to Kozak’s rules

Question 24

Protein Folding

Answer 24

Process of forming functional protein structure

Question 25

Signal-Recognition Proteins

Answer 25

Recognize signal sequences for protein targeting

Question 26

Chloroplasts

Answer 26

Cellular organelles in plants for photosynthesis

Question 27

Charged tRNA

Answer 27

tRNA linked to amino acid ready for translation

Question 28

Elongation Phase

Answer 28

Sequential addition of amino acids to polypeptide chain

Question 29

Nonsense Codon

Answer 29

Stop codon signaling translation termination

Question 30

Intramolecular Interactions

Answer 30

Forces shaping protein structure during folding

Question 31

Initiation Factors

Answer 31

Proteins aiding in translation initiation

Question 32

Cap-binding Protein

Answer 32

Binds to mRNA cap during eukaryotic translation