Final Exam: Genetic Inheritance Flashcards
Chromosome
A thread-like structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Diploid
Having two sets of chromosomes, one set inherited from each parent.
Haploid
Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes.
Hybridization
The mating of two true-breeding individuals with different traits.
The law of dominance states that in a heterozygote, one trait will __ of another trait for the same characteristic.
conceal the presence
The law of segregation states that paired unit factors (genes) must __.
segregate equally into gametes
Heterozygotes
Individuals that have two different alleles for a particular gene
The product rule states that the probability of two independent events occurring together is __
the product of the probabilities of each event occurring alone
The sum rule states that the probability of the occurrence of one event or the other event, of two mutually exclusive events, is __
the sum of their individual probabilities
Monohybrid Cross
A genetic cross between parents that differ in only one characteristic
Discrete units are characteristics that are transmitted __ from parent to offspring
independently
True-Breeding
Plants that produce offspring of the same variety when they self-pollinate
Phenotypically Identical
Individuals that have the same outward appearance or traits
Meiosis is a type of cell division that results in __ daughter cells each with __ of chromosomes of the parent cell
four; half the number
Law of Independent Assortment
Genes segregate independently into gametes
Dihybrid Cross
Cross involving two traits with independent assortment
Recombination
Exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes
Parental Gametes
Gametes with alleles in the same combination as the parents
Recombinant Gametes
Gametes with new allele combinations due to crossover
Linked Genes
Genes located close together on the same chromosome
Crossover
Exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids
Gene Linkage
Tendency of genes on the same chromosome to be inherited together
Independent Assortment
Genes for different traits segregate independently
Recombination Frequency
Proportion of recombinant gametes as a measure of gene distance
Genetic Mapping
Constructing maps of genes on chromosomes
Gamete Types
Different combinations of alleles in gametes
Law of Probability
Expected ratios based on random events
