UNIT 1 - SOCIAL LEARNING AND MATURATION THEORY

Question 1

What does the social learning theory suggest?

Answer 1

that the way children behave is and interaction between personal and environmental factors

Question 2

What does Bandura state regarding the social learning theory?

Answer 2

that learning happens through observing, imitation and modelling the behavior of others.

Question 3

What are the four principals of the social learning theory?(Bandura)

Answer 3

1- Attention
2- Retention
3-Reproduction
4-Motivation

Question 4

Describe the stage of ‘attention’ in Banduras social learning theory

Answer 4

learning takes place when a child focuses their attention on a person who ‘models’ the behavior, it is likely to be someone they identify or admire

Question 5

Describe the stage of ‘retention’ in Banduras social learning theory

Answer 5

what the child has observed is retained in their memory for a time when they could use it

Question 6

Describe the stage of ‘reproduction’ in Banduras social learning theory

Answer 6

what has been learned id reproduced/ imitated.

it may be rehearsed in the childs mind first but then would be imitated later when there is an opportunity to

Question 7

Describe the stage of ‘motivation’ in Banduras social learning theory

Answer 7

children might feel motivated to do repeat what has been learned or to stop the behavior, depending on the reward they get, vicarious reinforcement (intrinsic or extrinsic)

Question 8

Define vicarious reinforcement (bandura)

Answer 8

recognising and rewarding behavior in hope that it would continue
or
a negative effect in hope to help stop the behavior from occurring

Question 9

define positive reinforcement (bandura)

Answer 9

behavior is repeated due to personal satisfaction (intrinsic) or external rewards (extrinsic)

Question 10

define negative reinforcement (bandura)

Answer 10

the behavior is not repeated to avoid negative effects, such as getting told off or an adverse experience
THIS IS NOT THE SAME AS PUNISHMENT

Question 11

Describe the ‘bobo doll experiment’ (bandura, social learning theory)

Answer 11

children were shown aggressive behaviour towards tehse bobo dolls, they were either rewarded, reprimanded or had no consequence, to see the result of the children who had witnessed this, how they would behave.

Question 12

what were the results of the bobo doll experiment?(bandura, social learning theory)

Answer 12

• children learned aggressive behavior through observation

- children were more likely to imitate an adult who was rewarded for aggressive behavior than one who was reprimanded

Question 13

what does Gesell’s (1880-1961) maturation theory explain

Answer 13

how biological maturation ( the process of maturing)is related to overall development

Question 14

What did Gesell do?

Answer 14

observed the behavior of many children according to the ‘norms’ which he called milestones of development
Gesell’s milestones describes children’s, physical, social and emotional development

Question 15

what belied did Gesell base his maturity theory on?

Answer 15

• it is a biological process, development is genetically determines from birth
• children follow the same orderly sequence in their development
• the pace of development may vary depending on physical and intellectual development

Question 16

positive of Gesell’s theory

Answer 16

• determined typical norms of development which are still used today
• used advanced methodology in observations of behavior or large numbers of children

Question 17

negatives of Gesell’s theory

Answer 17

• did not consider the influence of cultural of individual differences in the children behavior
• believed that the ‘norms’ of development he described were desirable.

Question 18

what was Gesell the first person to do?

Answer 18

to use observation of children to understand their development.