UNIT 1 - NATURE & NURTURE | FACTORS

Question 1

define nature

Answer 1

the influence of innate/inherited features of development from their parents, the assumptions that children and genetically pre programmed

Question 2

define nurture

Answer 2

the influence of the environment and nurturing. experiences can help shape characteristics.

Question 3

define nature and nurture occurring together

Answer 3

refer to piaget - cognitive development which is nature (innate) can be developed much quicker and help them develop through nurture (their environment)

Question 4

an individuals genetic predisposition (nature) can be triggered by…

Answer 4

their environment and life experiences (nurture)

Question 5

what is the stress-diathesis model?

Answer 5

it explains how both nature and nurture play a part in the development of psychological disorders.

Question 6

explain how diathesis leading to psychological disorders (nature)

Answer 6

a predisposition or vulnerability to mental disorders due to abnormality of the brain or neurotransmitters (genetic/ biological factors)

Question 7

explain how stress leading to psychological disorders (nurture)

Answer 7

traumatic events in a persons life, e,g relationships, abuse etc (environmental factors)

Question 8

define genes

Answer 8

sets of instructions to the cells that determine growth and development where individuals inherit 23 pairs of chromosomes from each from each parent

Question 9

define defective genes

Answer 9

abnormal genes that can cause the likelihood of genetically inherited conditions (if its recessive or dominant)

Question 10

define dominant gene

Answer 10

a gene that only has to be passed down by one parent to the child in order for the child to develop the condition e.g. Huntington disease, brittle bone disease.

Question 11

define recessive gene

Answer 11

a gene that has to be passed down by both parents for the child to develop the condition e.g. cystic fibrosis, phenylketonuria

Question 12

if only one recessive gene is passed down by one parent, what happens to the child?

Answer 12

the child becomes a ‘carrier’, doesn’t suffer from the condition

Question 13

name three conditions caused by the abnormality in chromosomes

Answer 13

downs syndrome
colour blindness
kilnefelter syndrome

Question 14

what is downs syndrome

Answer 14

individuals have an extra copy of chromosome 21, causes growth delay, intellectual disability and characteristic facial features.

Question 15

what is kilnefelter syndrome

Answer 15

where boys have an extra ‘X’ chromosome which causes during or a delay in puberty

Question 16

what is colour blindness

Answer 16

caused by mutations in the ‘X’ chromosome makes it difficult to distinguish between colours.

Question 17

define genetic susceptibility

Answer 17

increase likelihood of developing a disease due to the genetic makeup of a person e.g can lead to cancer, diabetes, high blood cholesterol

Question 18

what other factors can affect disease

Answer 18

• environmental factors
• lifestyle
• life events
• availability of preventative treatment

Question 19

define condition

Answer 19

an abnormal state of health that impacts the well being of a person

Question 20

define disease

Answer 20

a disorder of the function or structure of the body

Question 21

name poor lifestyle factors that can affect an unborn child

biological factors

Answer 21

if the mother:

has poor diet, drug or alcohol use, smokes

Question 22

what are the effects of poor lifestyle factors on the unborn child?
(biological factors)

Answer 22

• low birth weight
• long term health problems
• learning disabilities, development delay
• congenital defects ( defects in the development of the foetus)

Question 23

biological factors are those that…

Answer 23

affect the development of a living organism

Question 24

maternal infections can cause…

Answer 24

health problems
congenital defects
still birth
miscarriage

Question 25

name two maternal infections

Answer 25

rubella or (CMV)

Question 26

what is foetal alcohol syndrome?

Answer 26

where the unborn baby is exposed to alcohol in the womb, it can cause symptoms such as:
small head circumference
neurological problems
abnormal growth & facial abnormalities
development delay

Question 27

what are congenital anomalies?

Answer 27

defects or anomalies in the developing foetus, these anomalies can be detected before, during or after birth

Question 28

what are the factors contributing to congenital anomalies

Answer 28

• genetic. e.g. downs syndrome
• nutritional, e.g. deficiency in folate
• infections, e.g. rubella
• environmental, e.g. exposure to drugs, alcohol, radiation

Question 29

what factors affect human growth and development?

Answer 29

• inherited
• environmental
• economic
• social
• biological
• life events

Question 30

what conditions could be caused due to pollution?

Answer 30

• respiratory disorders, e.g. asthma, lung cancer, bronchitis
• cardiovascular problems, e.g. heart attack, artery blockage
• allergies, e.g. wheezing, rashes, anaphylactic shock

Question 31

what health problems can poor ventilation/ damp and mould lead to?

Answer 31

respiratory disorder

Question 32

what health problems can overcrowding lead to?

Answer 32

anxiety/ depression

Question 33

what health problems can poor sanitation lead to?

Answer 33

risk of infection

Question 34

what health problems could lack of outdoor space lead to?

Answer 34

cardiovascular disease

Question 35

what health problems could inadequate heating lead to?

Answer 35

hypothermia

Question 36

whoch people are more at risk due to pollution

Answer 36

people with existing respiratory disorders, infants and the elderly