UNIT 1 - GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT (THROUGH LIFE STAGES) Flashcards
Define growth
Sometimes referred to as physiological changes.
‘describes increase in length or height/ weight and dimensions.’
Growth is an indicator of what?
Indicator of children’s health and wellbeing
What are the four principles of growth?
1) Growth rates are not constant
2) Different parts of the body grow at different rates
3) Growth rates vary between children
4) Growth rates of boys usually faster on average than girls
When is head circumference measured?
It is measured at birth and at 6-8 weeks
Why is head circumference measured?
To identify any abnormality in brain and skull growth. Skull Growth is faster in the first two years
How is growth recorded?
Using growth charts
Define growth charts
Growth charts give the length or height, weight and head dimensions expected at a particular age.
How can we identify signs of ill health and development problems?
Compare children’s growth against norms
Define Development
Describes the acquisitions of skills and abilities through the life stages.
What are the four areas of development?
1) Physical Development
2) Intellectual Development/ cognitive development
3) Emotional Development
4) Social Development
Define Intellectual Development/ cognitive development
Development of language, memory and thinking skills
Define Physical Development
Growth and other physical changes which happen in our body
Define emotional development
Ability to cope with feelings, ourselves and others
Define Social Development
Ability to form friendships and relationships, and to learn to be independent.
Development: is it observed or measured?
Development is observed not measured
What can a baby do at 0-3 months?
Can use gurgling + crying to communicate
What can a baby do at 18 months?
Can you say 6 to 10 words
What can a baby do at 2 years?
Can link words together
What can a child do at 3 years?
Can use simple sentences
What can a child do at 8 years?
Can reason and explain
the years of early adulthood
19-45 years
define maturation
the physical maturity a person reaches
list three examples of physical maturity
1) sexual characteristics are fully developed
2) women are their most fertile and can become pregnant and lactate during this time
3) physical strength and stamina is at its peak
when does peri menopause occur
between 40-45 years of age
what is peri menopause
when a women reaches the end of their reproductive years
what happens during peri menopause
the production of oestrogen reduces which causes irregular ovulation, this causes menstruation to occur less frequently
when is middle adulthood?
between 46-65 years of age
ageing occurs at this age
list 4 signs of ageing
1) greying of hair
2) loss of muscles, strength and stamina
3) women aren’t fertile anymore as menstruation ends
4) loss of height, loss of weight or increase of weight
what is menopause and when does it occur?
occurs: middle adult hood, 46-65 years
what is it: the physiological changes women experience during this life stage, this happens over several years and menstruation cycle gradually stops
what is the role of oestrogen?
the role of oestrogen is the most important in female sexuality , it also regulates ovulation
what is the role of progesterone?
the role of progesterone is important for the implantation of fertilised eggs in the uterus, it maintains pregnancy and sexual health
what causes hormonal changes during menopause?
the symptoms of menopause causes these hormonal changes
what does a reduction of oestrogen cause?
1) ovaries stop producing eggs
2) thinning and shrinkage of vagina
3) affects the hypothalamus of the brain which regulates the bodies temperature, causes hot flushes and night sweats
4) health of hair, skin and nails are affected
5) mood swings occur as oestrogen regulates the neurotransmitters that affect mood
what does a reduction of oestrogen and progesterone cause?
1) gradually stops menstruation cycle
2) impacts libido
when does later adulthood occur?
65+ years
when does height loss occur
start occurring in middle adulthood which continues into later life
give an example of height loss
for example, at the age of 80 a person may have lost up to 5cm, this is due to changes in posture and compression in spine discs and joints
define the self concept
- individuals self evaluation of their own self
- it is the combination of self image and self esteem
define self image
how individuals view themselves which is influenced by how they are understood by others
define self esteem
how individuals feel based on the knowledge they have of themselves
e.g. low self esteem they lack confidence whereas a high self esteem has a boost of confidence
list factors that may impact on the self image and self esteem
- family and culture
- attitude of others
- life experiences
- physical development/health
what are the benefits of having a positive self image?
- feel happy about personal appearance and abilities
- receives good feedback from others about themselves
- compares self favourable with others
what are the affects of having a negative self image?
- feels unattractive or less intelligent than others
- receives negative comments from others about themselves
- compares self negatively against social media ‘perfect images’
what are the benefits of high self esteem?
- feels confident
- willing to try new things
- copes well under pressure
what are the negatives of a low self esteem?
- feels worthless
- less likely to try new things
- less likely to cope well in new or difficult situations
can a persons self esteem change?
yes
from time to time depending on individuals circumstances
