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MRCS > UL: Hand > Flashcards

UL: Hand Flashcards

1
Q

Carpal bones

A
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2
Q

Structures through the carpal tunnel

A

Median nerve

Flexor digitorum profundus

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Flexor pollicis longus

(flexor carpi radialis)

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3
Q

Structures going over the carpal tunnel

A

Ulnar nerve

Ulnar artery

Palmaris longus tendon

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4
Q

Palmar aponeurosis

A

Continuous of palmaris longus tendon if present otherwise anchored to the retinaculum

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5
Q

Anatomical snuffbox borders

A

Extensor pollicis longus

Extensor pollicis brevis

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6
Q

Anatomical snuffbox content

A

Scaphoid

Radial artery

Cephalic vein

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7
Q

Origin and insertion of palmaris brevis

A

palmar apneurosis to skin on medial side

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8
Q

Innervation of palmaris brevis

A

Superficial branch of ulnar nerve

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9
Q

Action of palmaris brevis

A

Improves grop

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10
Q

Origin and insertion of dorsal interossei

A

Adjacent metacarpals to proximal phalanges

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11
Q

Origin and insertion of palmar interossei

A

Side of metacarpals to extensor hoods and proximal phalanx of thumb

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12
Q

Innervation of dorsal and palmar interossei

A

Deep branch of ulnar

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13
Q

Action of interossei muscles

A

PAD DAB

Palmar adducts

Dorsal abducts

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14
Q

Origin and insertion of adductor pollicis

A

Transvers head: metcarpal 3

Oblique head: capitate and base of 2 and 3

To extensor hood of thumb

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15
Q

Innervation of adductor pollicis

A

Deep ulnar nerve

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16
Q

Origin and insertion of lumbricals

A

Tendon of flexor digitorum produndus

To extensor hoods

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17
Q

Innervation of lumbricals

A

Medial 2: deep ulnar

Lateral 2: digiatal branch of median

18
Q

Action of lumbricals

A

MCP flexion

IP extension

19
Q

Muscles of the thenar eminence

A

Opponens pollicis

Abductor pollicis brevis

Flexor pollicis brevis

20
Q

Origin and insertion of opponens pollicis

A

Tubercle of trapezium to lateral and palmar metacarpal

21
Q

Origin and insertion of Abductor pollicis brevis

A

Tubercle of scaphoid and trapezium to proximal phalanx

22
Q

Origin and insertion of flexor pollicis brevis

A

Tubercle of trapezium to proximal phalanx

23
Q

Innervation of thenar muscles

A

Recurrent branch of median nerve

24
Q

Action of opponens pollicis

A

Medial rotation of thumb

25
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

Opponens digiti minimi

Abductor digiti minimi

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

26
Q

Origin and insertion of opponens digit minimi

A

Hook of hamate to medial metacarpal 5

27
Q

Origin and insertion of abductor digiti minimi

A

Pisiform to proximal phalanx

28
Q

Origin and insertion of flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

Hook of hamate to proximal phalanx

29
Q

Action of opponens digiti minimi

A

Lateral rotation of metacarpal 5

30
Q

Innervation of hypothenar muscles

A

Deep branch of ulnar nerve

31
Q

Guyon’s canal

A

Ulnar nerve crossing over carpal tunnel

32
Q

Median nerve branch at risk of damage over thenar eminence

A

recurrent branch

33
Q

Extensor retinaculum tunnels

A

6

34
Q

Structures superficial to extensor retinaculum

A

Cephalic and Basilic vein

Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar and superficial branch of radial nerve

35
Q

Structures deep to extensor retinaculum

A
36
Q

How are flexor tendons staying in place and not bow-stringing

A

Pulley system (thickening of fascia) that allows them to move but not come out

A1 - MCP

A2 - proximal phalanx

C1 (cruciate)

A3- PIP

C2

A4- middle phalanx

C3

A5 - DIP

37
Q

Flexor sheath coverage

A

Synovial sheath covers flexor tendons of digits (doesn’t cover extensors)

At the ulnar and radial side forms bursae

38
Q

Problems with flexor sheath infection

A
  1. Fixed tough fibros tissue. Cannot expand leading to do necrosis of tendon/later presents as atrophic tendon rupture
  2. Scarring between the tendon and the flexor sheath leads to reduced functionality
39
Q

Branches of radial artery in hand

A

Princeps pollicis

Radialis indicis

Radial side of the deep palmar arch

40
Q

Attachment of flexor retaniculum

A

Lateral edge of the trapezium

Tubercle of scaphoid

Hook of hamate

pisiform

41
Q

What structures cut through for carpal tunnel release op

A

Skin, Subcut fascia, Palmar fascia, (palmaris brevis), flexor retaniculum

42
Q

What structures at risk during carpal tunnel release

A

Nerves:

  • Palmar cutaneous branch (median)
  • Recurrent branch (median)
  • Ulnar n (if incision too ulnar)
  • Median (if too deep) +

Superficial palmar arch

Flexor tendons

MRCS (29 decks)

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