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MRCS > PTM - 3 > Flashcards

PTM - 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which ribs are atypical

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

1- short and wide, single facet, scalene tubercle

2- thin, long, tuberosity for serratus anterior

10, single facet head

11, 12 single facet, no neck

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2
Q

Which ribs are atypical

A

1, 2, 10, 11, 12

1- short and wide, single facet, scalene tubercle

2- thin, long, tuberosity for serratus anterior

10, single facet head

11, 12 single facet, no neck

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3
Q

Lymph drainage of breast

A

Axillary
Parasternal
Posterior intercostal

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4
Q

Diaphragm origin and insertion

A

Origin: xiphoid, inner surface of lower 6 ribs

Insertion: Left crus on to L2, Right crus on to L3

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5
Q

Blood supply to spinal cord

A

Anterior spinal a (vertebral arteries)
Posterior spinal arteries (posterior inferior cerebellar arteries)

Anastamose at conus medullaris

Also segmental arterial supply from radicular arteries (Adamkiewicz)

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6
Q

Where does artery of Adamkiewicz originate from

A

T8 to L1 on the left of aorta

Could be damaged in AAA repair

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7
Q

Brown sequard cause

A

Result of hemisection of spinal cord ?direct trauma

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8
Q

Brown sequard syndrome sx

A

Ipsilaterall weakness, vibration and proprioception loss
Contralateral pain and temp

90% ambulatory by the end of recovery period

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9
Q

Central cord syndrome cause

A

hyperextension injury especially in elderly with background of degenerative changes such as osteophytes

Compression of spinal cord between lig flavum and intervertebral disc

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10
Q

Central cord syndrome sx

A

Upper limb weakness worse than lower limb as motor fibres run more centrally within the corticospinal tract

Good recovery

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11
Q

Anterior cord syndrome cause

A

interruption of blood supply to anterior spinal cord (anterior spinal artery)

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12
Q

How many vertebral bodies are there

A

33

7 C
12 T
5 L
5 fused sacral
3 fused cocygeal

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13
Q

Sx of anterior spinal cord syndrome

A

Loss of corticospinal and spinothalamic

Dorsal column unaffected

Lower limb worse than upper limb

10-20 % make recovery

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14
Q

How many vertebral bodies are there

A

33

7 C
12 T
5 L
5 fused sacral
3 fused cocygeal

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15
Q

Attachments of hip capsule

A

Proximally: acetabulum
Distally: anterior to intertrochanteric line, posterior 1cm above intertrochanteric crest

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16
Q

Ligaments of hip joint

A

Ileofemoral (strongest)
Pubofemoral
Ischiofemoral

17
Q

Origin and insertion of ileofemoral ligament

A

Acetabulum to intertrochanteric line

18
Q

Function of ileofemoral ligament

A

Resists hyperextension

19
Q

Origin and insertion of psoas major

A

Deep part from transverse process of L1-4
Superficial head from lateral surface of T12-L4 + intervertebral discs

Inserts on lesser trochanter

20
Q

Ileotibial band origin and insertion

A

Anterolateral tubercle of ilac crest on to lateral condyle of tibia

21
Q

IT band muscles

A

Gluteus maximus and Tesnor fascia lata

22
Q

Function of IT band

A

stabilises knee extension
Important in walking and running

23
Q

Surface marking of sciatic nerve

A

Curved line

1- half way between posterior superior iliac spine and ischial tuberosity

2- half way between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter

24
Q

Variations of sciatic nerve passage

A

Most common: under the piriformis in greater sciatic foramen

Sometimes: passes through piriformis

Rarely: splits high with one division passing above and through piriformis

25
Q

Which leg muscles attach to medial cuneiform bone

A

Tibialis anterior posterior
Peroneus longus

26
Q

Origin and insertion of fibularis tetrius

A

Lower 1/3 of fibula to base of 5th metatarsal

27
Q

Action of tibialis anterior and posterior

A

Anterior: dorsi +INVERSION

Posterior: plantar + INVERSION

28
Q

At what joint does dorsiflexion/plantar flexion occur

A

tibiotalar

29
Q

At what joint does inversion/eversion occur

A

Subtalar

30
Q

How many arches does the foot have

A

3
Medial longitudinal
Lateral longitudinal
Transverse

31
Q

Structures supporting the medial longitudinal arch

A

Bones: Calcenum, talus, navicular, cunieforms, media 3 metatarsals

Ligament: interosseus, spring lig

Muscles: flexor digitorum longus and brevis, flexor hallucis, tibialis anterior and posterior

32
Q

Structures supporting lateral arch of foot

A

Bones: calceneum, cuboid, lateral 2 metatarsals

Lig: Long and short plantar ligaments

Muscle: peroneus longus, flexor digitorum longus and brevis

33
Q

Structures supporting the transverse arche

A

Bones: all metatarsals

Ligaments: interosseus

Muscles: Peroneus longus

34
Q

At what joint does inversion/eversion occur

A

Subtalar

35
Q

Action of tibialis anterior and posterior

A

Anterior: dorsi +INVERSION

Posterior: plantar + INVERSION

36
Q

Origin and insertion of fibularis tetrius

A

Lower 1/3 of fibula to base of 5th metatarsal

37
Q

Surface marking of sciatic nerve

A

Curved line

1- half way between posterior superior iliac spine and ischial tuberosity

2- half way between ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter

38
Q

Function of ileofemoral ligament

A

Resists hyperextension

MRCS (29 decks)

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