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MRCS > Pelvis > Flashcards

Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Scrotal layers

A

Some Damned Examiner Called It The Testes

Skin

Dartos

External fascia

Cremaster

Internal fascia

parietal layer of Tunica vaginalis

Testes

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2
Q

Blood supply to prostate

A

Inferior vesical artery (from prostatovesical from internal pudendal + inferior gluteal branches of internal iliac artery)

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3
Q

Which vessel run close to deep inguinal ring

A

inferior epigastric artery (branch of external iliac)

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4
Q

Sensation to anterior scrotum

A

ilioinguinal nerve

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5
Q

Sensation to posterior scrotum

A

pudendal nerve

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6
Q

True vs false pelvis

A
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7
Q

Pelvic inlet

A

Posteriorly: S1, Ala of sacrum (wing)

Anteriorly: pubic symphysis

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8
Q

What forms pelvic walls

A

Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments

Piriformis and obturator internus muscles

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9
Q

Pelvic floor components

A

Mainly: levator ani

also:

  • coccygeus muscle
  • fascia
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10
Q

Muscles of levator ani

A

pubococcygeus

puborectalis

iliococcygeus

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11
Q

Innervation of levator ani

A

Pudendal S2-S4

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12
Q

Peritoneum cover of rectum

A

Top third: anterior and lateral

Middle third: anterior

Bottom third: none

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13
Q

Urogenital triangle dermatomes in men and women

A
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14
Q

Components of pelvic bone

A

Ilium

Ischium

Pubis

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15
Q

Difference between colon and rectum laproscopically

A

Rectum lacks DISTINCT taeniae coli muscles, omental appendices and sacculations (haustra)

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16
Q

Anal canal anatomy

A
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17
Q

Anal mucosa

A

Above pectinate: columnar

Below pectinate: Non keratinised stratified squamous (anal pecten)

Below anocutanous line/white line: stratified squamous

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18
Q

Structures that cross ureters in pelvis

A

Male: ductus deferens

Female: uterine artery

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19
Q

Arterial supply to bladder

A

Inferior/Superior vescical arteries

(branches of internal iliac)

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20
Q

Venous supply of bladder

A

vescicoprostatic or vescicouterine plexus

(drains into internal iliac vein)

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21
Q

Parts of male urethra

A

Pre prostatic

Prostatic

Membranous

Spongy

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22
Q

Pre-prostatic urethra features

A

Contains internal sphincter, which may contract and prevent retrograde ejaculation

23
Q

Prostatic urethra features

A

Wider than pre-prostatic

Urethral crest: narrow midline fold of mucosa

Prostatic utricle: blind ending duct, unclear function (?contracting to fully open the ejaculatory openings during ejaculation)

Seminal colliculus: enlarged section of urethral crest, used to determine prostate position during TURP

24
Q

Membranous urethra features

A

Narrowest part of urethra

External urethral sphincter

25
Q

Spongy urethra features

A

Surrounded by corpus spongiosum

Navicular fossa: the end dilation

Bulbourethral glands insert here

26
Q

Mucosa of urethra

A

Transitional near bladder

Squamous near external meatus

27
Q

Testicular anatomy

A

Seminefrous tibules->straight tubules-> rete testis -> efferent tubules-> head/body/tail of epididymus- vas deferens

Tunica albuginea

Tunica vaginalis

28
Q

Peri-rectal fascia

A

Waldeyer’s fascia: posterior

Denoviller’s: anterior

29
Q

Branches of posterior trunk of internal iliac artery

A

iliolumbar

Lateral sacral

Superior gluteal

30
Q

Branches of anterior trunk of internal iliac

A

Umbilical

Superior vesical

Inferior vesical

Middle rectal

Obturator

Internal pudendal

Inferior gluteal

31
Q

Roof of perineum

A

levator ani

32
Q

Borders of perineum

A

Ishial spine

coccyx

pubic symphysis

33
Q

Which part of perineum does the perineal membrane cover

A

Urogenital triangle

34
Q

Function of perineal membrane

A

Attachment for external genitalia

35
Q

Anatomy of penis

A

Corpora cavernosa: attached to urogenital triangle by crura (legs)

Corpus spongiosum: surrounds urethra, and anchors to perineal membrane. Forms bulb of penis, body of penis and glans

36
Q

Ligaments of penis

A

Suspensory ligament: attached to pubic symphysis

Fundiform ligament: attached to linea alba

37
Q

Arterial supply to penis

A

Internal pudendal artery

38
Q

Muscles of superfical perineal pouch

A

Ischicavernous

Bulbospongiosus

Superficial transverse perineal

39
Q

Innervation of superficial perineal muscles

A

pudendal nerve

40
Q

Function of ischicavernosus

A

Move blood from crura into body of erect penis

41
Q

Function of bulbospongiosus

A

removal of residual urine from urethra after urination

Pulsatile emission of semen during ejaculation

42
Q

Function of superficial transverse perineal

A

Stabilises perineal body

43
Q

Superficial fascia of the urogenital triangle attachments

A

Posteriorly to perineal membrane: doesnt extend into anal triangle

Anteriorly ischiopubic rami: does not extend into thigh

This stops spread of infection into thigh or anal triangle, but allows movement into peritoneum out of perineum

44
Q

Pudendal canal content

A

Pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal artery

Veins

45
Q

What forms the pudendal canal

A

Fascia of obturator internus

46
Q

Branches of pudendal nerve

A

Inferior rectal

Perineal

Dorsal nerve

47
Q

Inferior rectal innervates

A

External anal sphincter

Levator ani

48
Q

Perineal nerve innervates

A

S: posterior scrotal skin

M: urogenital triangle muscles

49
Q

Dorsal nerve of penis innervates

A

Sensory to penis

50
Q

Lymph drainage of perineum

A

Deep parts: internal iliac

Superficial parts: superior inguinal

Glans of penis: deep inguinal/ external iliac

Testis: para-arotic

51
Q

Spaces anterior and posterior to prostate

A

Anterior: cave of retzius

Posterior: dennovilliers

52
Q

Difference between male and female pelvis

A

Female:

  • wider, shallower,
  • larger superior and inferior apertures,
  • ischial tuberosities are farther apart
  • sacrum less curved
  • obturator foramen oval (vs round in M)
53
Q

Bucks vs Dartos fascia of penis

A

MRCS (28 decks)

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