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MRCS > Spine > Flashcards

Spine Flashcards

1
Q

Table comparing different vertebrae

A
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2
Q

Features of Cervical vertebra (Body/Foramen/Transverse and spinous process)

A

Body: small and oval

Foramen: triangular

Transverse process: foramen for vertebral arteries

Spinous process: fork shaped (ligamentum nuchae). C1 lacks spinous process

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3
Q

Features of Thoracic vertebra (Body/Foramen/Transverse and spinous process)

A

Body: heart shaped body. has costal facets

Foramen: circular

Transverse process: facet for tubercle of the rib articulation

Spinous process: inferiorly pointed

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4
Q

Features of Lumbar vertebra (Body/Foramen/Transverse and spinous process)

A

Body: large kidney shaped

Foramen: flattened triangular

Transverse process: short no foramen or facets

Spinous process: thick posteriorly pointed

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5
Q

Joints between vertebra and ribs

A

Costovertebral joint and costotransverse joints

The head of the rib interacts with the same level vertebra as well as the one above (except T1, T11 and T12 interacting with one vertebra only)

The tubercle of the rib interacts with the same level vertebra

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6
Q

Costovertebral vs costotransverse joints

A

Costovertebral: head of the rib + superior facet

Costotransverse joint: tubercle of the rib to transverse facet

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7
Q

Atlas and Axis features

A

Dens placed anteriorly in atlas (C1): kept in with transverse ligament of atlas

C1 doesn’t have spinous process

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8
Q

Lamina and pedicle

A

Pedicle: foot in latin, links body to transverse process

Lamina: links transverse process to spinous process

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9
Q

Types of joints (movablity)

A

Fibrous: sutures (fixed)

Cartilaginous: semi movable

Synovial: freely movable

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10
Q

Examples of fibrous joints

A

Sutures

Gomphoses (teeth to mandible)

Syndesomosis (eg ulna and radius)

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11
Q

Examples of cartilaginous joints

A

Synchondroses (bones joined with hyaline cartilage): growth plate eventually ossifies

Symphyses (bones joined with fibrocartilage)

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12
Q

Types of synovial joints

A

6

Ball and socket

Hinge

Condyloid

Plane

Saddle

Pivot

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13
Q

Structures encountered for lumbar puncture superficial to deep

A

Skin

Superficial and deep fascia

Supraspinous lig

Interspinous lig

Flavum lig

Dura mater

Arachnoid mater

Shouldnt go passed this point but if do the following

Post longitudinal

Ant longitudinal

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14
Q

Vertebral discs composition

A

Nucleus pulposis (gelatinous matrix)

Annulus fibrosis

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15
Q

What structure affected with disc prolapse

A

Annular fibrosis tear allows nucleus pulposis leak

This could compress spinal routes or cord (usually roots as tears eccentrically)

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16
Q

What is nucleus pulposis made off

A

collagenous fibres (type 2) in a pool mucoprotein gel

17
Q

Which spinal roots are commonly affected with disc prolapse

A

L4/5

L5/S1

18
Q

What is uncus of cervical vertebra

A

is upturned part (lip) of the cervical body

forms unco-vertebral joints with successive vertebrae and allow rotational movements

19
Q

What attaches to anterior and posterior tubercles of cervical vertebra

A

Anterior middle and posterior scalene muscles

20
Q

Features of C7

A

Very prominent single spinous process (helps identify on palpation)

21
Q

How many spinal roots?

A

31

8 cervical

12 thoracic

5 lumbar

5 sacral

1 coccygeal

22
Q

Describe the anatomy of sympathetic nervous system

A

Cell bodies of sympathetic NS lie in lateral horn

Pre-ganglionic fibres go through anterior rami of T1 to L2

Pass through white rami communicante to enter sympathetic chain

They synapse with post ganglionic fibres here

Some don’t synapse in sympathetic chain (forming splanchnic nerves)

23
Q

Typical rib anatomy

A
24
Q

Intramembranous vs endochondral ossification

A

Intramembranous: sutures of the skull : bone being laid on bone

endochondral: bone on cartilage : eg mandible, facial bones etc

25
Q

Different parts of spinal cord

A

Conus medullaris is the distal bullous end of the spine

Filium terminale is the fibrous continouation of conus medullaris

26
Q

What is spina bifida

A

group of congenital conditions resulting from failure of neural arches fusing

27
Q

Different types of spina bifida

A
28
Q

Different parts of spinal cord

A

Conus medullaris is the distal bullous end of the spine

Filium terminale is the fibrous continouation of conus medullaris

MRCS (28 decks)

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