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MRCS > H&N - Pharynx > Flashcards

H&N - Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Constrictor muscles of pharynx

A

Superior contrictor

Middle

Inferior

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2
Q

Innervation of constrictor muscles

A

Vagus

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3
Q

Longitudinal muscles of the pharynx

A

Stylopharyngeus

Salpingopharyngeus

Palatopharyngeus

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4
Q

Innervation of longitudinal muscles of pharynx

A

Stylopharyneus- CN 9

Salpingopharyngeus - CN10

Palatopharyngeus - CN10

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5
Q

Function of longitudinal muscles of pharynx

A

Elevation of pharynx

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6
Q

Pharyngeal fascia

A

They coat pharyngeal muscles

Thin outer layer: buccopharyngeal fascia

Thick inner layer: pharyngobasilar fascia

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7
Q

Position of palatine tonsils (adenoids)

A

Between palatopharyngeal and palatoglossal arches

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8
Q

Arterial supply of palatine tonsils

A

Tonsillar artery (branch of facial artery)

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9
Q

Motor innervation of pharynx

A

Vagus (except stylopharyngeus: CN9)

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10
Q

Sensory innervation of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx: V2

Oropharynx: CN9

Laryngopharynx: CN10

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11
Q

Blood supply to larynx

A

Superior laryngeal artery (branch of superior thyroid)

Inferior laryngeal artery (branch of inferior thyroid)

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12
Q

Lymph drainage of thyroid gland

A

Above vocal cords: Upper deep cervical nodes

Below vocal cords: Prelaryngeal and pretracheal nodes and inferior deep cervical nodes

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13
Q

Innervation of laryngeal muscles

A

Cricothyroid: superior laryngeal nerve

Everything else: recurrent laryngeal nerve

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14
Q

Nerve supplying sensory innervation of laryngopharynxpharynx

A

Above vocal cords: superior laryngeal nerve

Below vocal cords: recurrent laryngeal nerve

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15
Q

Structure of nasal cavity

A

Choncha and meatus

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16
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A
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17
Q

Innervation of paranasal sinuses

A

Different branches of trigeminal

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18
Q

Openings of nasal canal

A
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19
Q

Little’s area

A

90% nose bleeds occur in little’s area

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20
Q

Foramen cecum of tongue

A

At apex of terminal sulcus: where epithelium invaginated to form thyroid gland

If thyroglossal duct persists: forms thyroglossal cyst

21
Q

Papillae of the tongue

A

Filiform: end in one or more points

Fungiform: around the margins

Vallate: 8-12, anterior to terminal sulcus

Foliate: folds at sides of the tongue

They increase the surface area and have taste buds (except filiform)

22
Q

Sensory innervation of the tongue

A
23
Q

Innervation of muscles of tongue

A

Intrinsic: hypoglossal nerve

Extrinsic: mostly hypoglossal (except palatoglossus: vagus)

24
Q

Lymphatic drainage of tongue

A

Anterior 2/3: ipsilateral (mostly), Posterior 1/3: bilateral

Tip: submental node then to deep cervical

Mid: Submandibular then deep cervical

(Mid central : bilateral, Mid lateral: ipsilateral)

25
Q

Sublingual and submandibular openings

A
26
Q

Innervation of soft palate muscles

A
27
Q

Teeth

A
28
Q

Innervation of teeth

A

Upper: V2

Lower: V3

29
Q

Where does the posterior ethmoidal sinus drain

A

superior meatus

30
Q

Where do the anterior ethmoidal, maxillary and frontal sinuses drain

A

middle meatus

31
Q

Where does nasolacrimal duct drain

A

Lower meatus

32
Q

Space between the vocal cords aka

A

Rima glottidis

33
Q

Where is pharyngeal pouch found

A

Killia’s triangle: between cricopharyngeus and thyropharyngeus

34
Q

Which muscle abduct vocal cords

A

Posterior cricoarytenoid (innervated by inferior branch of recurrent laryngeal)

35
Q

Which muscles adduct the vocal cords

A

Lateral cricoarytenoid

Transverse arytenoid

36
Q

Muscles that tense the vocal cords

A

cricothyroid

37
Q

Muscles that relax the vocal cords

A

Thyroarytenoid

Vocalis

38
Q

Where are berry’s ligaments found

A

attaches thyroid to trachea

39
Q

Which blood vessel is the common culprit for reactionary haemorrhage post-tonsillectomy

A

External palatine vein

40
Q

Anatomy of larynx

A

Vestibular fold above the vocal fold

41
Q

Piriform fossa

A

food can get stuck here

Medial: aryepiglottic fold

Lateral: thyroid cartilage, thyrohyoid membrane

42
Q

Vallecula

A

Space between tongue and epiglottis

43
Q

Function of false cords

A

I.e. vestibular cord

Little role in phonation (apart from purring in cats)

Important at protecting airway (pts with resected epiglottis have same risk of aspiration as ones without

44
Q

How to diffentiate false and true cords in alive patietns

A

False look very red as have a large flow through the mucosa

True look white as they are relatively avascular

45
Q

Branches of superior laryngeal nerve

A

External laryngeal and internal laryngeal

46
Q

What does external laryngeal n supply

A

Motor to cricothyroid and inferior constrictor

47
Q

What does internal laryngeal nerve supply

A

Sensation to superior larynx

48
Q

Intrinsic muscles of tongue

A

Superior and inferior longitundinal

Transverse

Vertical

49
Q

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

A

Genioglossus

Styloglossus

Palatoglossus

Hyoglossus

MRCS (28 decks)

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