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MRCS > LL: Gluteal region > Flashcards

LL: Gluteal region Flashcards

1
Q

Pelvis bony anatomy

A
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2
Q

Femoral triangle borders

A

Inguinal ligament

Sartorius

Adductor longus

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3
Q

Floor of femoral triangle

A
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4
Q

Roof of femoral triangle

A

fascia lata

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5
Q

Structures in femoral triangle

A

Medial to lateral VAN

Lymphatics

Femoral vein

Femoral artery

Femoral nerve

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6
Q

Femoral canal content

A

Lymphatics

Cloquet’s lymph node

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7
Q

Femoral sheath

A

Covers femoral artery vein and femoral canal

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8
Q

What fascia gives rise to femoral canal

A

Continuation of extraperitoneal fascia

Anteriorly formed by fascia from transversalis fascia

Posteriorly formed by fascia from ilio-psoas fascia

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9
Q

Femoral canal borders

A

Anterior: inguinal ligament

Lateral: femoral vein

Medial: lacunar ligament

Posterior: Pectineal ligament

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10
Q

Clinical significance of femoral canal

A

Femoral hernias strangulate in this space

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11
Q

Deep muscles of gluteal region

A
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12
Q

Origin and insertion of piriformis

A

Anterior surface of sacrum

Greater trochanter

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13
Q

Origin and insertion of obturator internus

A

Internal surface of obturator foramen

Greater trochanter

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14
Q

Gemillus superior origin and insertion

A

External surface of ischial spine

Greater trochanter

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15
Q

Gemillus inferior origin and insertion

A

Ischial tuborisity

Greater trochanter

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16
Q

Quadratus femoris origin and insertion

A

Anterior to ischial tuboresity

Intertrochanteric crest

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17
Q

Function of piriformis

A

Lateral rotation/abduction

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18
Q

Function of obturator internus

A

Lateral rotation/abduction of hip

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19
Q

Gemillus superior function

A

Lateral rotation/abduction

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20
Q

Gemillus inferior function

A

Lateral rotation/abduction

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21
Q

Quadratus femoris function

A

Laterally rotates hip

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22
Q

Gluteus minimus origin and insertion

A

Inferior and anterior gluteal lines

Greater trochanter

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23
Q

Gluteus medius origin and insertion

A

Anterior and posterior gluteal lines

Greater trochanter

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24
Q

Gluteal maximus origin and insertion

A

Posterior gluteal line/ fascia covering gluteus medius

iliotibial tract of fascia lata and gluteal tuberosity

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25
Q

Tensor fasciae latae origin and insertion

A

Lateral ilial crest

Iliotibial tract

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26
Q

Gluteus minimus and medius function

A

abduct femur

27
Q

Gluteus maximus function

A

Hip extension

Lateral rotation/abduction

28
Q

Tensor fasciae latae function

A

Stabilises knee extension

29
Q

Innervation of piriformis

A

L5 S1 S2

30
Q

Innervation of obturator internus

A

Nerve to obturator internus

31
Q

Innervation of gemellus superior

A

Obturator internus

32
Q

Innervation of gemellus inferior

A

Nerve to quadratus femoris

33
Q

Innervation of tensor fasciae latae

A

Superior gluteal nerve

34
Q

Innervation of gluteaus medius and minimus

A

Superior gluteal nerve

35
Q

Innervation of gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

36
Q

Structures through the greater sciatic foramen below piriformis

A

SNIP NIP

Sciatic nerve

Nerve to obturator internus

Internal pudendal artery and vein

Pudendal nerve

Nerve to quadratus femoris

Inferior gluteal artery, vein and nerve

Posterior cutanous nerve

37
Q

Structures through the greater sciatic foramen above piriformis

A

Superior gluteal nerve artery and vein

38
Q

Structures through lesser sciatic foramen

A

Obturator internus tendon

Pudendal nerve and internal pudendal vessels

39
Q

Structures through obturator canal

A

Obturator nerve

Obturator vessels

40
Q

Structures through gap between inguinal ligament and pelvis

A

Muscles: psoas major, illiacus, pectineus

Vessels: femoral A+V,

Nerves: femoral nerve, femoral branch of genitofemoral, lateral cutanous nerve of the thigh

41
Q

Nerves of gluteal region

A
42
Q

Origin of arteries supplying hip

A

External iliac -> profunda femoris -> medial, lateral circumflex femoral arteries, ascending 1st perforator

Internal iliac -> gluteal arteries

Obturator artery → head of femur (ligamentum teres artery)

43
Q

Trochanteric anastemosis

A

Inferior and superior gluteal arteries

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

44
Q

Cruciate anastemosis

A
45
Q

Veins of lower leg

A
46
Q

Course of long saphenous vein

A

Starts at the confluence of dorsal vein of big toe and dorsal venous arch

Goes anterior to medial malleolus and goes posterior to tibia in the popliteal fossa

Goes up the medial aspect of the thigh until it pierces the fascia lata to enter femorasaphenous junction (2cm lateral and inferior to pubic tubercle)

47
Q

Tributaries to great saphenous vein

A

Variable position but some say:

1cm below and above medial malleolus

10 cm above medial malleolus

Half way up the calf

Just below knee

48
Q

Which nerve close to great saphenous vein? what is its significance?

A

Saphenous nerve (branch of femoral nerve)

Could be damaged in lower leg great saphenous vein stripping

49
Q

Lymphatics of lower leg

A

Superficial inguinal

Deep inguinal

Popliteal nodes

50
Q

What does deep inguinal node drain

A

femoral vessels

glans of penis/clitoris

51
Q

What does superficial inguinal node drain

A

gluteal region

perineum

lower abdo

52
Q

Lower limb dermatomes

A
53
Q

Lower limb myotomes

A
54
Q

Pudendal canal location

A

Within the obturator internus fascia

55
Q

Pudendal canal aka

A

Aclocks canal

56
Q

Pudendal canal content

A

Pudendal artery, nerve, vein

57
Q

Structures passing through greater/lesser sciatic foramen

A

Pudendal nerve

Internal pudendal artery

Nerve to obturator

58
Q

Sciatic nerve root

A

L4 - S3

59
Q

Femoral nerve root

A

L2-4

60
Q

Sciatic nerve course

A
61
Q

Arterial supply of gluteus maximus vs medius

A

Max= inferior gluteal artery

Min= superior gluteal artery

62
Q

Layers that you go through during posterior approach to hip

A

Skin

Subcut fascia

Gluteal fascia

Gluteus maximus

Short external rotators

Hip capsule

63
Q

Which nerves in danger in posterior approach to hip

A

sciatic

Superior gluteal n

MRCS (29 decks)

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