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MRCS > PTM - 1 > Flashcards

PTM - 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Surface anatomy of pancreas

A

Neck lies at L1

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2
Q

Surface anatomy of spleen

A

9-12th rib

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3
Q

Liver surface anatomy

A

5th costal cartilage superiorly
Left midclavicular line to right midclavicular line
10th rib inferiorly

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4
Q

Gallbladder surface anatomy

A

9th costal cartilage to lateral edge of rectus abdominus

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5
Q

Surface anatomy of kidney

A

Superior pole at 12th rib
Left hilum at L1

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6
Q

What lies anterior to aorta at L1

A

Neck of pancreas
Second part of duedenum

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7
Q

Sites of intra-abdo collection

A

Hepatorenal pouch
Pelvis
Right and left subphrenic
Right and left paracolic gutters

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8
Q

What is meckels diverticulum

A

Remnant of vitello-intestinal duct
Connecting midgut to yolk sac through umbilicus

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9
Q

Rule of 2s for Meckels

A

2 % population
2inches long
Within 2 ft of ileo-caecal valve
Twice as likely in men

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10
Q

Hernia containing Meckles diverticulum name

A

Littles hernia

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11
Q

Potential complications of meckels diverticulum

A

Perforation
Obstruction
Intussuception
Herniation

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12
Q

Posterior relations of kidneys

A

Diaphragm
Psoas
Quadratus lumborum

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13
Q

Anterior relations of kidneys

A

Right:
- Liver
- Colon
- small intestine

Left:
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- small intestine

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14
Q

Male bladder relations

A

Anterior to posterior

Pubic symphysis
Bladder
Retrovesical pouch
Rectum

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15
Q

Female bladder relations

A

Pubic symphysis
Bladder
Retrouterine pouch
Uterus
Pouch of douglas
Rectum

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16
Q

Vas deferens course

A

Starts from epididymis, through inguinal canal, to ejaculatory ducts

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17
Q

What glands form semen

A

Seminal vesicles
Prostate gland
Bulbourethral gland
Vas from ejaculatory ducts

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18
Q

Seminal vesicles role

A

produce seminal fluid for sperm
(outpocket in the ampulla of vas)

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19
Q

Role of vas

A

transfers sperm from epididymous to urethra

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20
Q

What is responsible for peau dorange appearance of breast skin

A

Tumour causes of oedema by obstructing lymphatic drainage

Cooper ligament fibres pulling on s/c tissue to fascia

Gives it orange peel appearance

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21
Q

Large bowel vs small bowel obstruction presentation

A

Large:
- gradual
- vomiting less prominent
- abdo distension

Small:
- acute
- early vomiting
- constipation delayed

22
Q

Which organs does SMA go anterior to

A

Uncinate process of pancreas
3rd part of duodenum

23
Q

Most likely responsible artery for diverticular bleed

A

Sigmoidal branches of IMA

24
Q

Sensation to rectum

A

PSN: nervi erigentes
- sensation of fullness
- contraction
- relaxation of internal sphincter

SNS: superior hypogastric plexus
- contraction of internal sphincter
- pain

25
Q

What is floor of ACF

A

Brachialis
Supinator

26
Q

How many compartments in forearm

A

3
- Mobile wad
- anterior
- posterior

27
Q

Muscles in mobile wad compartment

A

Brachioradialis
Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

28
Q

Muscles in the posterior compartment of forearm

A

Superficial (2): anconeus and extensor carpi ulnaris

Intermediate (2) : extensor digitorum communis and digiti minimi

Deep (5): abductor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis longus and brevis, extensor indicis, supinator

29
Q

Incisions for compartment syndrome in forearm

A

Anterior: along ulnar border

Dorsal: lateral epicondyle to mid-wrist

30
Q

Nerve supply to external oblique

A

Lower 6 intercostal nerves
Subcostal nerve

31
Q

Nerve supply to testes and its implications

A

T10 sympathetic nerve

Ureters supplied by the same nerve: pain from renal calculus may be referred to testes

Pain from testes may be referred to umbilicus (T10)

32
Q

Surface marking of heart

A

Superior border:
- 3rd costal cartilage on right to 2nd interccostal space left of the sternum

Inferior border:
- 6th costal cartilage on the right to 5th intercostal space left midclavicular line

33
Q

Where is sinoatrial node found

A

Crista terminalis of right atrium

34
Q

Blood supply to SA node

A

RCA (in 60% of people)

LCA (in 40% of people)

35
Q

Venous drainage of heart

A

2/3
Coronary sinus (Great, middle and small cardiac veins, posterior vein, oblique vein)

1/3
Directly into chambers via cordis minimae

36
Q

Where does coronary sinus terminate

A

Inferior aspect of Right atrium between IVC and tricuspid

37
Q

Blood supply of knee joint

A

Medial, lateral superior genicular -> femoral condyle
Medial, lateral inferior genicular -> tibial condyles
Middle gennicualr -> ACL/PCL

38
Q

What is iliotibial band

A

Thickening of fascia lata
Extends from iliac tubercle to lateral tibial condyle

39
Q

Boas sign

A

Hypersensitivity (hyperaesthesia) of skin inferior to the right scapula

40
Q

Kehr’s sign

A

Pain in the shoulder tip in presence of peritoneal irritants such as blood when raising the foot of the bed

(caused by splenic rupture or biliary/hepatic pathology, causing irritation of phrenic nerve -> same roots (C3,4,5) as supraclavicular nerve supplying the skin over scapula)

41
Q

Surface marking of lung/pleura

A

Parietal pleura: 2.5 cm above clavicle
Midclavicular: 8th rib
Midaxillary: 10th rib
Posterior: 12th rib

Lung:
Midclavicular: 6th rib
Midaxillary: 8th rib
Posterior: 10th rib

42
Q

Boas sign

A

Hypersensitivity (hyperaesthesia) of skin inferior to the right scapula

43
Q

Venous drainage of heart

A

2/3
Coronary sinus (Great, middle and small cardiac veins, posterior vein, oblique vein)

1/3
Directly into chambers via cordis minimae

44
Q

Surface marking of heart

A

Superior border:
- 3rd costal cartilage on right to 2nd interccostal space left of the sternum

Inferior border:
- 6th costal cartilage on the right to 5th intercostal space left midclavicular line

45
Q

Nerve supply to external oblique

A

Lower 6 intercostal nerves
Subcostal nerve

46
Q

Incisions for compartment syndrome in forearm

A

Anterior: along ulnar border

Dorsal: lateral epicondyle to mid-wrist

47
Q

Sensation to rectum

A

PSN: nervi erigentes
- sensation of fullness
- contraction
- relaxation of internal sphincter

SNS: superior hypogastric plexus
- contraction of internal sphincter
- pain

48
Q

Which organs does SMA go anterior to

A

Uncinate process of pancreas
3rd part of duodenum

49
Q

Anterior relations of kidneys

A

Right:
- Liver
- Colon
- small intestine

Left:
- Stomach
- Pancreas
- small intestine

50
Q

Sites of intra-abdo collection

A

Hepatorenal pouch
Pelvis
Right and left subphrenic
Right and left paracolic gutters

MRCS (29 decks)

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