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MRCS > Thorax - mediastinum > Flashcards

Thorax - mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

Mediastinum parts

A

Superior (above sternal angle)

Inferior: anterior, middle, posterior

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2
Q

Different parts of pericardium

A

Fibrous

Serous : Parietal, Visceral (aka epicardium)

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3
Q

Neurovascular bundle through fibrous pericardium

A

Phrenic nerve

Pericardiacophrenic vessel

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4
Q

Oblique pericardial sinus

A

Serous pericardium reflection

Reflection onto pulmonary veins

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5
Q

Transverse oblique sinus

A

Serous pericardium reflection

Seperates arteries from veins

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6
Q

Pericardium arterial blood supply

A

Internal thoracic

Pericardiophrenic

Musculophrenic

Inferior phrenic

Thoracic aorta

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7
Q

Pericardial venous supply

A

Azygous vein

Internal thoracic

Superior phrenic

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8
Q

Nerve supply of pericardium

A

Vagus

Sympathetic

Phrenic

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9
Q

Coronary arteries and veins pairing

A

Great cardiac vein and LAD

Middle cardiac vein and posterior interventricular branch of RCA

Small cardiac vein and RCA

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10
Q

Coronary sulcus

A

Divides atria from ventricles

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11
Q

Interventricular sulcus

A

Anterior and posterior

Separates ventricles from each other

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12
Q

Right atrium anatomy

A

Note:

Musculi pectinati (sepperated from smooth wall by crista terminalis)

Opening of coronary sinus

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13
Q

Anatomy of right ventricle

A

Note:

  • Cordae tendineae attaches tricuspid cusps to papillary muscles
  • Conus arteriosus (infundibulum) is outflow tract
  • Inflow tract covered by trabeculae carnae
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14
Q

Anatomy of left atrium

A

Note:

  • anterior half is continuous with left auricle, contains musculi pectinati,
  • no structures sepparte the smooth from muscular part of the atrium
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15
Q

Left ventricle anatomy

A
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16
Q

Where are coronary arteries originated from

A

Aortic root

17
Q

Coronary artery branches

A

Note:

anterior Interventricular = LAD

Marginal branch = obtuse

18
Q

Lymphatic drainage of heart

A

brachiocephalic nodes

tracheobronchial nodes

19
Q

Cardiac conduction

A
20
Q

Cardiac innervation

A

Deep and superficial cardiac plexus formed from PSN and SN

21
Q

Structures within superior mediastinum

A

Thymus

Vessels: Brachiocephalic vessels, Left superior intercostal vein, SVC, Arch of aorta

Trachea

Oesophagus

Phrenic/vagus nerve (recurrent laryngeal )

Thoracic duct

22
Q

Structures within the posterior mediastinum

A

DATES

Descending aorta

Azygous vein and hemiazygos vein

Thoracic duct

Esophagus

Sympathetic trunk/ganglia.

23
Q

Branches of thoracic aorta

A

6 branches

Pericardial

Bronchial

Eesophageal

Mediastinal

Superior phrenic

Subcostal

24
Q

Azygous venous system

A
25
Q

Thoracic duct origin

A

Begins with abdominal lymph nodes joining forming cisterna chyli

26
Q

Thoracic duct vertebral level

A

L2 to root of neck

27
Q

Where does the thoracic duct drain into

A

Left subclavian trunk

28
Q

Points of narrowing in oesophagus

A

ABCD
A- aortic arch

B- left main bronchus

C- Cricoid cartilage

D- Diaphragmatic hiatus

29
Q

Upper 3rd oesophagus artery/vein/lymph supply

A

Inferior thyroid artery and vein

Deep cervical

30
Q

Middle 3rd oesophagus artery/vein/lymph supply

A

Aortic branches

Azygous vein

Pre/para aortic nodes

31
Q

Lower 3rd oesophagus artery/vein/lymph supply

A

Left gastric artery and vein

Coeliac nodes

32
Q

Innervation of upper oesophagus

A

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

33
Q

Innervation of lower oesophagus

A

Oesophageal plexus (vagus)

34
Q

Thebesian drain into where

A

Small veins drain directly into atrium

35
Q

Course of phrenic nerve entering mediastinum

A

Anterior to subclavian artery, posterior to subclavian vein and lateral border of anterior scalene

36
Q

Xiphosternum dermatome

A

T7

37
Q

Collateral systems to SVC obstruction

A

Azygous system

Internal thoracic path

Long thoracic connected to femoral vein

Long thoracic connected to vertebral veins

MRCS (29 decks)

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