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Reviewer > UCSP Quiz 3 Module 10-13 > Flashcards

UCSP Quiz 3 Module 10-13 Flashcards

1
Q

Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection (aka _________) was made by who?

A

Darwinism, Charles Darwin

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2
Q

One that adapts and learns to survive.

A

Survival of the Fittest

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3
Q

“It is not the _______ of the species that survives, nor the _____ ________ but the one most _______________________” - C.D., 1809

A

strongest, most intelligent, responsive to change

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4
Q

The group that consists of all modern and extinct Great Apes (modern humans, chimpanzees, gorillas, orangutans and all their immediate ancestors).

A

Hominids

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5
Q

Homo erectus is the ________. Similar limb and torso proportions with modern humans which suggest they walk on two feet.

A

Upright Man

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6
Q

(of the thumb of a primate). Their feet used to have such thumb that can firmly grasp to trees and other objects.

A

Opposable

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7
Q

Before the Christian/Common Era

A

BCE

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8
Q

Refers to the Homo habilis. Known as _______ because it is assumed that this species had developed the ability to modify stone into tools.

A

Able Man

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9
Q

Refers to the Homo sapiens. This reflects the greater endowment of the brain power compared to his predecessors.

A

Wise Man

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10
Q

In this theory it is said that organisms produce more offspring than are able to survive in their environment and those that are better physically equipped are those that survives.

A

Natural Selection

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11
Q

Ardipithecus Etymology

A

‘Ardi’ means “Ground” or “Floor”, Latinised Greek ‘Pithecus’ meaning “Ape.”

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12
Q

Australopithecus Etymology

A

‘Australis’ (Latin) “Southern”, ‘Pithekos’ (Greek) “Ape”

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13
Q

Etymology of Anamensis, Afarensis, Garhi, Africanus

A

Anamensis - ‘Anam’ meaning “lake” in Turkana language
Afarensis - ‘Afar’ referring to the Afar depression in East Ethiopia
Garhi - Means “surprise” in the afar language.
Africanus - latin for “African”

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14
Q

Where was the fossils/remains of the Australopithecus anamensis found? What is their brain size?

A

It was found in Turkana, Their brain size is 370 cm3

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15
Q

What is the brain size of Australopithecus afarensis? What is the famous skeleton associated with this species?

A

Brain size of 450 cm3, this species is well known because of the “Lucy” skeleton

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16
Q

Why was it named Australopithecus Garhi? What is their brain size? What is their stone tools?

A

It is named garhi because those who found it was SURPRISED by their bone marrow. Their brain size is just ABOUT 450 cm3. Their stone tools are just simply stones.

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17
Q

What is the brain size of Australopithecus Africanus? What cave is in Africa that the fossils were found in?

A

About 420-510 cm3. Sterkfontein Cave.

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18
Q

Paranthropus Group Etymology

A

Greek ‘Para’ expressing relationship “beside”, Greek ‘Anthropos’ “man” —> “Beside Man”

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19
Q

Etymology of Aethiopicus, Boisei, Robustus

A

Aethiopicus - Latin word aethipicus meaning “Ethiopia”
Boisei - From its founder Charles Boise
Robustus - Latin Robustus “oaken, hard, firm, strong, sturdy”

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20
Q

The skull of ______________ is bigger than those of men.

A

Paranthropus Robustus

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21
Q

Homo Etymology

A

From Latin homo meaning ‘man’

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22
Q

Etymology of Rudolfensis, Habilis, Erectus,Heidelbergensis, Floresiensis, Neanderthalensis, Sapiens

A

Rudolfensis - Discovered at the east side of Lake Turkana, formerly known as Lake Rudolf
Habilis - Means handy, apt, or fit
Erectus - Latin “upright”
Heidelbergensis - (latinised word) Found in the city of Heidelberg, Germany
Floresiensis - From portuguese/latin ‘flores’ = “flowers” because the island of indonesia were it was found was mabulaklak (Also from Palawan)
Neanderthalensis - It was first found in Neander Valley in Germany
Sapiens - Latin meaning wise and sensible

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23
Q

Brain size of homo rudolfensis and brain size of homo habilis? Are Homo habilis erect or not.

A

Rudolensis had a brain size of 775 cm3 while habilis had 650 cm3. Homo Habilis are in fact erect.

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24
Q

Brain size of Homo Erectus? What is the difference of use of fire in habilis and erectus?

A

Erectus has brain size of 950 cm3. In habilis, they use fire but is not controlled. In erectus, they use fire AND it is controlled.

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25
Q

Homo sapiens is the ___________, people now are called ____________.

A

the earlier humans, Homo Sapiens Sapiens

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26
Q

Etymology of Paleolithic, Mesolithic, and Neolithic

A

Paleolithic - ‘Paleo-‘ English, “Old” ; ‘Lithos’ Greek, “Stone –> Old Stone Age
Mesolithic - ‘Meso-‘ English, “Middle” ; ^ –> Mid Stone Age
Neolithic - ‘Neo-‘ English, “New” ; ^ –> New Stone Age

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27
Q

How was classifications for Paleo and Neo divided?

A

It is divided in relation to their CULTURE.

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28
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Dwelling: Mud bricks supported by timber.

A

Neolithic

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29
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Dwelling: Mouths of caves, huts, skin, tents.

A

Paleolithic

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30
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Lifestyle: Sedentary. Farmed in permanent settlements, raised animals, agri was discovered, major source of food, families evolved.

A

Neolithic

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31
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Lifestyle: Nomadic. Groups of up to 50, tribal society, hunters and gatherers

A

Paleolithic

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32
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Tools: Polished stone tools made sharper by grinding.

A

Neolithic

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33
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Tools: Chipped stone, wooden weapons, light stone tools (not sharpened).

A

Paleolithic

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34
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Clothes: Animal skins, woven garments.

A

Neolithic

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35
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Clothes: Animal skins.

A

Paleolithic

36
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Governance: Military and religious leaders had authority. Monarchy emerged.

A

Neolithic

37
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Governance: Tribal society. Clan controlled by elders or the powerful (according to age).

A

Paleolithic

38
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Economy: The concept of private property and ownership emerged for things such as land, livestock, and tools.

A

Neolithic

39
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Economy: There was no concept of private property.

A

Paleolithic

40
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Health: People were shorter and had lower life expectancy.

A

Neolithic

41
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Health: People were taller and lived longer.

A

Paleolithic

42
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Art: Wall paintings.

A

Neolithic

43
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Art: Cave paintings.

A

Paleolithic

44
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Sculpture material: Stone, clay (baked)

A

Neolithic

45
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Sculpture material: Stone, mammoth ivory, reindeer horn

A

Paleolithic

46
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Main Discovery: Agriculture and tools with polished stones, the pow, wheel.

A

Neolithic

47
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Main Discovery: Fire, rough stone tools.

A

Paleolithic

48
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Food: They grew crops such as corn, wheat, beans, etc.

A

Neolithic

49
Q

Paleolithic or Neolithic. Food: Hunted and gathered for their food supply.

A

Paleolithic

50
Q

Mesopotamia Etymology

A

Meso “Mid” Potamia “River”

51
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. Formed on the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in what is today Iraq and Kuwait.

A

Mesopotamia

52
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. Developed along Nile River because its annual flooding ensured rich soil for crops.

A

Egypt

53
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. Early civilization began to form around the time of the Neolithic Revolution - 12000 BCE.

A

Mesopotamia

54
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. Repeated struggles for political control showed importance of region’s agricultural production and economic resources.

A

Egypt

55
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. Some of its major civilizations include Sumerian, Assyrian, Akkadian, and Babylonian.

A

Mesopotamia

56
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. They kept written records using a writing system known as hieroglyphics.

A

Egypt

57
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. Evidence shows extensive use of technology, literature, legal codes, philosophy, religion, and architecture in these societies.

A

Mesopotomia

58
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. Their rules used the idea of divine kingship and constructed monumental architecture to demonstrate and maintain power. They think THEY are Gods.

A

Egypt

59
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. In Monarchy (ordered by Gods), and the Rulers DO NOT think they are the gods.

A

Mesopotomia

60
Q

Mesopotamia or Egypt. They developed wide-reaching trade network along the Nile, Red Sea, and in the East.

A

Egypt

61
Q

The process whereby wild plants have been evolved into crop plants through artificial selection. Ex. Corn

A

Domestication of Plants

62
Q

The process of adapting wild plants and animals for human use. Like done in Pastoral Society.

A

Domestication of Animals

63
Q

Other terms mentioned in regards to Module 11:

A

Irrigation System
Surplus - Because the basic needs were sustained.
Division of Labor - so that the jobs of the people do not only focus on the foods (which are already surplus) jobs include: Artisans
Barter
Civilization
Early Government

64
Q

What are the four kinds of political systems under anthropology?

A

Decentralized System, Centralized Governments, Supranational Political Systems, Empires

65
Q

Decentralized System. Small family group, no larger than extended family or clan. Only consists of 30 to 50 individuals. It can cease to exist.

A

Band Society

66
Q

Decentralized System. This is formed when bands join together. It consists of many families, more social institutions (chief or elders). They are more permanent and may be sub-divided into bands.

A

Tribe

67
Q

Centralized Governments. More complex than decentralized systems, but less complex than state or civilization. Pervasive inequality and centralization of authority, a single lineage of elite class becomes the ruling. Ex. Family in Moana

A

Chiefdom

68
Q

Centralized Governments. State with permanent population, defined territory, government, and capacity to enter into relations with other of its kind.

A

Sovereign State

69
Q

Systems are created by independent nations to reach a common goal or gain strength from forming an alliance. “You want to be IN because you want a piece of the action and benefits”

A

Supranational Political Systems

70
Q

These are widespread states or communities under a single rule. Ex. Persian ______ and Roman ________

A

Empires

71
Q

Theories of Socialization. Process wherein individuals base their sense of self on how they believe others view them.

A

Looking-glass self

72
Q

Who theorized looking-glass self

A

Charles Horton Cooley

73
Q

Quote by Cooley regarding the looking-glass self theory

A

I am not who you think I am
I am not who I think I am
I am who I think you think I am

74
Q

Theories of Socialization. This explains how social experience creates individual personality.

A

Social Behaviorism

75
Q

Who theorized Social Behaviorism

A

George Herbert Mead

76
Q

Quote by Mead regarding the social behaviorism theory

A

I - how you see yourself
Me - how others see you
Centralized other - how society sees you

77
Q

Theories of Socialization. Based on the belief that all people possess unconscious thoughts, feelings, desires, and memories.

A

Pyschoanalysis

78
Q

Who theorized psychoanalysis

A

Sigmund Freud

79
Q

The three (types?) included in Psychoanalysis. Explain.

A

Id - Selfish decisions
Ego - Mediates Id and Superego
Superego - Doing the right thing (morality)

80
Q

This refers to an individual or group’s sense of self-respect and self-worth, physical and psychological integrity and empowerment. It is something that cannot be taken away.

A

Human Dignity

81
Q

______ is what separates human beings from animals. It is the quality or state of being worthy. Since they have THIS each must be treated equally.

A

Dignity

82
Q

These are defined as legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement. Often considered fundamental to civilization since it is regarded as established pillars of society and culture.

A

Rights

83
Q

The ___________ are natural rights, civil, political, economic rights, as well as rights of the accused before, during, after trial.

A

Bill of Rights

84
Q

These are rights inherent to ALL human beings, whatever our nationality, place of residence, sex national or ethnic origin, color, religion, etc.

A

Human Rights

85
Q

This refers to either what is shared and beneficial for all or most members of a given community or alternatively, what is achieved by citizenship, collective action and active participation in the realm of politics and public service.

A

Common Good

86
Q

Also, this benefits society as a whole. In contrast to the private good of individuals and sections of society. In effect, the notion of _______ is a denial that society is and should be composed of atomized individuals living in isolation from one another.

A

Common Good

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