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Reviewer > Earth Science Quiz 1 Q2 > Flashcards

Earth Science Quiz 1 Q2 Flashcards

1
Q

Process where rocks, soil, and minerals are broken down into pieces.

A

Weathering

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2
Q

What actions may cause weathering?

A

Water, ice, acids, salts, plants, animals, changing temperature.

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3
Q

Different phenomena occurring within and on the surface of the planet Earth.

A

Earth’s Processes

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4
Q

Two types of Earth’s processes?

A

External and Internal

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5
Q

This happens on the surface/near the surface and has interaction involving the Earth’s system.

A

External

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6
Q

This is powered by the energy of the sun.
Includes weathering, erosion, mass wasting/landslide.

A

External

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7
Q

This happens within the earth; core, mantle, etc.
Mostly related to the geosphere.

A

Internal

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8
Q

It is powered by the energy of the earth (internal heat).
Includes earthquake, volcanic eruptions, mountain building (plate movement).

A

Internal

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9
Q

Scientific Explanation. Weathering is the _______ _______________ (mechanical weathering) and/or ________ _____________ (chemical weathering) of rocks.

A

physical disintegration, chemical alteration

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10
Q

This resulted from chemical reactions between minerals in rocks and external agents like air or water.

A

Chemical Weathering

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11
Q

4 MAIN types of Chemical Weathering:

A

Alteration, Oxidation, Acidification, Hydrolysis

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12
Q

What types of chemical weathering are considered as ONE (by sir) because of their similar nature of effect.

A

Dissolution = Carbonation = Acidification

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13
Q

Chem W. Process occurs when water comes into contact with rocks and dissolves the minerals that make up that rock into individual elements.

May or may not be acidic.

A

Dissolution

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14
Q

Chem W. When minerals come in contact with water and are converted into different minerals.

A

Alteration

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15
Q

Chem W. When oxygen reacts w/ other elements and electrons are transferred between the two elements.

A

Oxidation
note: it is not always oxygen that reacts

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16
Q

Chem W. Chemical transition of one mineral to another (clay forms).

A

Hydrolysis

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17
Q

Chem W. Forms water molecules.

A

Hydration

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18
Q

Chem W. CO2 dissolves in rain, weak acid is formed. The acid dissolves the rocks.

A

Carbonation

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19
Q

Chem W. Can break down soils due to acidic rain.

A

Acidification

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20
Q

When rocks are broken apart by mechanical processes or breakage during transport by rivers or glaciers.

A

Physical Weathering

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21
Q

What are the 2 main physical changes?

A

In Size
In Shape

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22
Q

Phys W. Scratching of surface of rocks, happens in wind, water, and glacier erosion.

A

Abrasion

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23
Q

Phys W. Cycles of cooled water continually seeping into cracks, freezes, and expands, eventually breaking the rock apart.

A

Frost Wedging (Freeze-Thaw)

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24
Q

In Frost Wedging, there is _% increase of water when frozen.

A

9%

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25
Q

Phys W. Instead of water, salt is the one pushing. But since it isn’t that strong, it can only cause smaller holes in the surface of the rock.

A

Salt Wedging

note: Doesn’t expand, it just gets bigger

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26
Q

Phys W. Cracks, removal of pieces in the rock/land surface. This happens because of the rock’s lack of pressure.

A

Exfoliation

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27
Q

Crack develop _____ to land surface.

A

parallel

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28
Q

Exfoliation. This is the thinning into sheets.

A

Sheeting

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29
Q

Exfoliation. This is the removal of rock overburden causes rocks that were under pressure to expand, creating joints, cracks in a rock. (natatanggal yung pressure)

A

Unloading

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30
Q

In exfoliation, there is _________ and ____________.

A

REDUCTION & PRESSURE

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31
Q

What are the 4 factors that affect the rate of weathering.

A

Climate
Surface Area
Rock Composition
Pollution

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32
Q

In rock composition, the ______ the mineral that is contained in the rock, the ________ it is to weather. (Inverse

A

harder, slower (or) softer, faster

33
Q

In surface area, the _______ surface area a rock has, the _________ it will weather. (Direct)

A

more surface area, more quickly

34
Q

Pollution ______ (speeds up / slows down) weathering.

A

SPEEDS UP

35
Q

a. ____________ degrades a rock.
b. ____________ carries rocks and soils away from their original location.

A

a. Weathering
b. Erosion

36
Q

Erosion would only happen if there is a _______________. Name these 3.

A

mobile agent;
Water Erosion
Wind Erosion
Glacial Erosion

37
Q

These are scratches or cut made into bedrock because of glacial abrasion.

A

Striations

38
Q

Internal Layers of the Earth

A

Crust
Mohorovicic Discontinuity
Mantle
Gutenberg Discontinuity
Core

also: Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core (T to B)

39
Q

Internal Layer.
- The coolest layer
- The thinnest
- Oceanic (Younger & Basaltic, Larger, Denser)
- Continental (Older & Granite, Less Dense)
- Solid & Rigid

A

Crust

40
Q

Internal Layer.
- Thickest layer
- Relatively hotter
- Has the convection current
- HAS NO MAGMA

A

Mantle

41
Q

Internal Layer.
- Hottest layer
- Inner most
- Metallic

A

Core

42
Q

Internal (Phys) Layers.
- From the crust to upper-most mantle
- Segmented/broken into plates
- Rigid

A

Lithosphere

43
Q

Internal (Phys) Layers.
- Plastic-Like
- Weakest
- Can Flow
- AKA upper mantle

A

Asthenosphere

44
Q

Internal (Phys) Layers.
- AKA lower mantle
- Rigid

A

Mesosphere

45
Q

Internal (Phys) Layers.
a. Liquid metal (the only liquid part)
b. Solid metal, hottest (bcs of pressure)

A

a. Outer Core
b. Inner Core

46
Q

According to _________ ___________, temperature and pressure and depth are directly proportional.

A

Geothermal Gradient

47
Q

3 main reason why the Earth’s interior is hot:

A

Heat from when the planet was formed (Primordial Heat)
Radioactive Decay
Frictional Heating

48
Q

The release of gamma particles.

A

Radioactive Decay

49
Q

Higher pressure, Higher ______________.
Which is why solid ang inner core though it is the hottest layer.

A

melting point

50
Q

3 types of melting:

A
  • Decompression Melting (Decrease in Pressure)
  • Increase in Temperature
  • Flux Melting (Add volatiles)
51
Q

2 ways that increase in temperature (for melting) can be done:

A
  • Convergent Boundaries & Subducting Plate
  • Contact Melting
52
Q

It is a constructive margin.

A

Divergent

53
Q

WET rocks melts ________ because it lowers the melting point.

A

faster

54
Q

Where is magma formed (3):

A

Subduction Zone
Hotspot
Rift Zone

55
Q

It is the resistance of liquid from flowing.

A

Viscosity

56
Q

Viscosity. temp:
a. low temp = _______ viscous magma
b. high temp = ________ viscous magma

A

a. highly/ high
b. low

INVERSE

57
Q

Viscosity. composition:
a. high silica = _________ viscous
b. low silica = __________ viscous

A

a. more
b. less

DIRECT

58
Q

Types of Magma:

A

Basaltic
Andesitic
Rhyolitic

59
Q

In terms of temperature and viscosity of the types of magma:

A

————– temp ↑, viscosity ↓
Basaltic
Andesitic
Rhyolitic

60
Q

_______ is perpendicular, cutting through the rock layers.
It is a DISCORDANT layer.

A

Dike

61
Q

_________ goes with the rock layers.
It is a CONCORDANT layer.

A

Sill

62
Q

a. Sill na namaga upward
b. Sill na namaga downward

A

a. LACCOLITH
b. LOPOLITH

63
Q

a. large/huge part of magma that cooled down.
b. “foreign rock”, piece of rock trapped in another type of rock.
c. Alike batholiths, except smaller dike na namaga

A

a. BATHOLITH
b. XENOLITH
c. STOCK

64
Q

4 fragments of rock ejected from a volcano:

A

Ash - finest particles
Lapilli - 64 mm or 6.5 cm
Blocks - >= to 64mm or 6.5 cm
Bombs - incandescent (nagbabaga)

65
Q

Any crack/fixture/opening in the earth’s crust where magma, gasses, and pyroclastic materials come out.

A

Volcano

66
Q

Types of Volcano. Has less viscous magma, basaltic magma. Dome shaped, there is no such volcano in the PH.

A

Shield Volcano

67
Q

Types of Volcano. Has andesitic to rhyolitic magma (explosive type). It has ONE series of erruption.

A

Cinder Cone Volcano (Scoria Cone)

68
Q

Types of Volcano. It can get bigger. Andesitic to Rhyolitic magma (explosive type).

A

Composite Volcano

69
Q

MAJOR types of eruption. Umaapaw lang.

A

Effusive/Silent Eruption

70
Q

MAJOR types of eruption. Happens because of viscous magma.

A

Explosive Eruption

71
Q

This depends on the type of magma, affected by viscosity which is affected by its silica content.

A

The major types of eruptions

72
Q

SPECIFIC types of eruptions. Also the silent type of erruption.

A

Hawaiian Type Eruption

73
Q

SPECIFIC types of eruptions. Konting effusive but also explosive. Moderately explosive eruptions of basaltic magma with moderate gas content.

A

Strombolian Eruption

74
Q

SPECIFIC types of eruptions. Similar to strombolian yet it is more stronger and destructive. Usually what volcano images look like.

A

Vulcanian Eruption

75
Q

_________ eruptions are named for the destructive eruption of Mount Pelée on the Caribbean island of Martinique.

A

Pelean Eruption

76
Q

These large eruptions produce widespread deposits of fallout ash. An example is the Mount Pinatubo eruption.

A

Plinian Eruption

77
Q

________ volcanoes have a recent history (last 10,000 years) of eruptions; they are likely to erupt again.

A

Active Volcano

78
Q

________ volcanoes have not erupted for a very long time but may erupt at a future time.

A

Dormant/Inactive

79
Q

________ volcanoes have no known record but it looks young.

A

Potentially Active

Reviewer (31 decks)

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