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Reviewer > Earth Science Rocks > Flashcards

Earth Science Rocks Flashcards

1
Q

Properties of Rocks

A
  • Naturally occurring
  • Solid
  • May contain organic materials
  • NO definite chemical composition
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2
Q

Example of “may contain organic materials”

A

Fossils, shells, teeth, bones

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3
Q

Rocks may compose _________________.

A

Two or more minerals

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4
Q

Example of a rock containing two or more minerals

A

Granite (igneous rock) - feldspar, mica, quartz

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5
Q

Any naturally occurring solid mass or aggregate of minerals or mineraloid matter.

A

Rocks

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6
Q

Three types of rocks

A

Igneous Rocks
Sedimentary Rocks
Metamorphic Rocks

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7
Q

Rocks that came from melted rock material (magma) or lava.

A

Igneous Rock

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8
Q

Type of Rock. When the magma cools down, it solidifies (namumuo) forming yung minerals sa loob. (Crystallization)

A

Igneous Rock

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9
Q

Two Classification of Igneous Rocks

A

Intrusive, Extrusive

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10
Q

Classification of Igneous Rock. Crystallize below Earth’s surface, and the slow cooling that occurs there allows large crystals to form.

A

Intrusive Igneous Rocks

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11
Q

Classification of Igneous Rock. Erupt onto the surface where they cool down quickly to form small crystals.

A

Extrusive Igneous Rocks

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12
Q

Intrusive igneous rocks are also known as ________

A

PLUTONIC

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13
Q

Extrusive igneous rocks are also known as ________

A

VOLCANIC

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14
Q

Examples of Intrusive Igneous Rocks

A

Granite, Diorite, Pegmatite, Gabbro

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15
Q

Examples of Extrusive Igneous Rocks

A

Obsidian, Basalt, Andesite, Pumice, Rhyolite

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16
Q

Cooling time of intrusive and extrusive:

A

Intrusive: Thousands of years
Extrusive: Seconds to months

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17
Q

What does categorized “By Texture” mean?

A

Depends on the size of the crystals

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18
Q

By Texture. One that has large crystals.

A

Course-Grained (Part of Intrusive Rocks)

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19
Q

Examples of Course-Grained Rocks

A

Granite, Diorite, Gabbro, Peridotite

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20
Q

By Texture. One that has small crystals.

A

Fine-Grained (Part of Extrusive Rocks)

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21
Q

Examples of Fine-Grained Rocks

A

Rhyolite, Andesite, Basalt, Komatiite

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22
Q

By Chemical Composition. Grey to Black, Black to Olive Green Silicates.

A

Mafic (Basaltic), Ultramafic

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23
Q

By Texture. Mix, it has large embedded in small crystals.

A

Porphyritic

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24
Q

By Texture. No crystals, kapag sobrang bilis ng cooling this may happen.

A

Glassy

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25
Q

Examples of Glassy Rocks

A

Pumice, Obsidian

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26
Q

Not used often. By Texture. Butas-butas

A

Vesicular

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27
Q

Examples of Vesicular

A

Pumice, Scoria

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28
Q

By Chemical Composition. Light, Light to Dark Grey Silicates.

A

Felsic (Granitic), Intermediate (Andesitic)

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29
Q

By Chemical Composition. Grey to Black, and Black to Olive Green

A

Mafic (Basaltic), Ultramafic

30
Q

Rocks that are formed on or near the Earth’s surface. It is the accumulation of mineral or organic particles, and founded from solidification of sediments.

A

Sedimentary Rocks

31
Q

Two MAIN Classifications of Sedimentary Rocks

A

Clastic (Detritus) SR, Organic (Dissolved) SR
The Chemical SR is UNDER the Organic SR

32
Q

This classification is formed from mechanical weathering. Give examples.

A

Clastic SR: Conglomerate, Shale, Sandstone

33
Q

This classification is formed from the accumulation of plants or animal debris. Give examples.

A

Organic SR. Chalk, Coal, Lignite, Limestone, Dolomite

34
Q

Sedimentary Rocks texture depends on the _____________

A

Depends on the size of the particles

35
Q

Classifications of Sedimentary Rocks.

A

Coarse, Medium Sized, Very Fine

36
Q

In the sedimentary classification, give the types and examples.

A

Coarse: Conglomerate - Rounded Sediments
Breccia - Angular (May tusok-tusok)
Medium Sized: Sandstone
Fine: Siltstone
Very fine: Shale
Vry Vry Fine: Mudstone

37
Q

An example of Sedimentary Rock that is made of organic materials:

38
Q
  1. It is the rocks formed in the ceiling 2. rocks formed from the ground 3. if both 1 and 2 connect it will be called _____
A
  1. Stalactites 2. Stalagmites 3. Column
39
Q

These rocks were once igneous or sedimentary rocks. Nabubuo mula sa ibang bato through the process of ________.

A

Metamorphic Rocks, Metamorphism

40
Q

Process of change in the structure, texture, or
composition of rocks to form the metamorphic rocks.

A

Metamorphism

41
Q

What are the agents that causes metamorphism. Without these, the process would not work.

A

Heat and Pressure

42
Q

The two types of metamorphism:

A

Contact Metamorphism & Regional Metamorphism

43
Q

In this type of metamorphism, it will undergo the process if there is contact with heat (MAGMA). It also happens underneath the surface.

A

Contact Metamorphism

44
Q

If there is too much heat close to the rocks, it would result to:

45
Q

In this type of metamorphism, mas lamang ang PRESSURE, it usually happens at plate tectonic convergence zone. Unlike the other type, mas malaki ang bilang na nadadamay dito.

A

Regional Metamorphism

46
Q

What does “Based on Texture” in classifying metamorphic rocks?

A

The arrangement of minerals.

47
Q

Types of metamorphic rocks based on texture:

A

Non-Foliated Rocks & Foliated Rocks

48
Q

These types of rocks (texture) are produced from contact metamorphism.

A

Non-Foliated Rocks

49
Q

These types of rocks (texture) are produced from regional metamorphism

A

Foliated Rocks

50
Q

These types of rocks (texture) are formed at LOW Pressure, HIGH Temperature. It has no cleavage.

A

Non-Foliated Rocks

51
Q

Examples of Non-Foliated Rocks

A

Marble, Hornfels, Quartzite

52
Q

This mean the parallel arrangement of certain mineral grains that gives the rock a striped appearance.

53
Q

These types of rocks (texture) are formed at HIGH Pressure. It contains cleavages.

A

Foliated Rocks

54
Q

Examples of Foliated Rocks

A

Gneiss, Slate, (not sure Biotite)

55
Q

The foliation in this rock is not seen with the naked eye.

56
Q

This refers to the range of metamorphic change it undergoes, from low grade, or little metamorphic change; to high grade, or significant metamorphic change.

A

Metamorphic Grade

57
Q

Low-grade metamorphic rocks tend to be ____________ and high-grade metamorphic rocks tend to be _____________.

A

Fine-Grained, Coarse-Grained

58
Q

Metamorphic Grade; Increasing Pressure & Increasing Temperature:

A

Shale, Slate, Schist, Gneiss, Migmatite
Hornfels (Only almost requires heat)
Blueschist (only almost requires pressure)

59
Q

_____ rock, also sometimes ________, is the
original rock from which younger rock or soil is formed.

A

Parent Rock; Substratum

60
Q

Connect Parent Rocks to the Metamorphic Rocks
1. Shale
2. Quartz/Sandstone
3. Limestone/Dolomite
3. Granite/Gabbro
4. Coal

A

a. Marble
b. Slate
c. Gneiss
d. Quartzite
e. Anthracite

(b, d, a, c, e)

61
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Igneous Rocks?

A

Cooling/Crystallization of Magma (Lava)

62
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Igneous Rock?

A

Melting —-> Magma
Heat & Pressure —-> Metamorphic Rock
Weathering & Erosion —-> Sediments

63
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Sediments?

A

W & E of Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic Rock

64
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Sediments?

A

Compaction & Cementation (Lithification) —-> Sedimentary Rock

65
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Sedimentary Rocks?

A

Lithification of sediments

66
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Sedimentary Rocks?

A

H & P —-> Metamorphic Rocks
W & E —-> Sediments
Melting —-> Magma

67
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Metamorphic Rocks?

A

H & P of Igneous & Sedimentary Rock

68
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Metamorphic Rocks?

A

W & E —-> Sediments
Melting —-> Magma

69
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to form Magma?

A

Melting of Igneous, Sedimentary, & Metamorphic Rock

70
Q

The Rock Cycle. What can be done to Magma?

A

Cooling/Crystallization —-> Igneous Rock

Reviewer (31 decks)

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