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Reviewer > Earth Science Quiz 4 Q2 > Flashcards

Earth Science Quiz 4 Q2 Flashcards

1
Q

_______ rocks are stratified.

A

Sedimentary

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2
Q

Stratified rocks are ________ rocks

A

layered

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3
Q

Strata (plural of (a) _____) meaning (b) __________.

A

(a) stratum
(b) layers

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4
Q

Refers to the study of any layered (stratified) rock, but primarily with sedimentary rocks.

A

Stratigraphy

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5
Q

What are the factors considered in stratigraphy?

A
  • Origin
  • Composition
  • Age Relationships
  • Geographic Extent

O C AR GE

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6
Q

(a) General term for layering in sedimentary rocks.
(b) layering in “, greater than 1 cm thick.
(c) layering in “, less than 1 cm thick.

A

a. Stratification
b. Beds
c. Lamination

but these are all just referred to as LAYERS

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7
Q

Layering usually just happens in what type of rocks?

A

Sedimentary rocks

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8
Q

Who stated that layers of sedimentary rock may contain stories about the past?

A

Nicolas Steno

He first noticed the layers of rocks (grand canyon)

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9
Q

Stratification happens because of ____________.

A

deposition

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10
Q

What ideas did James Hutton and James Ussher proposed?

A

James Hutton: Uniformitarianism
James Ussher: Catastrophism

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11
Q

An idea that states that every geologic process today occurred in the geologic past.

A

Uniformitarianism

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12
Q

An idea that states that everything that is present today happened because of great and sudden catastrophes.

A

Catastrophism

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13
Q

This is what is called to anything that isn’t horizontal in the rock layers.

A

Cross Bedding

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14
Q

According to _____________: “The present is the key to the past.”

A

James Hutton

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15
Q

This is dating the rock layers on how old something relative to something else.
* Words are used to compare instead of exact numbers.

A

Relative Dating

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16
Q

What are the 5 laws of relative dating? (+ the law that is skipped)

A

Law of Superposition
Principle of Original Horizontality
Principle of Cross-cutting Relationships
Inclusions
Unconformities

SOCIU

skipped: Law of Lateral Continuity

17
Q

Laws. “Older than the one above it, but younger than the one below it.”

A

Law of Superposition

18
Q

Laws. “All layers must be deposited in a horizontal manner.”

A

Principle of Original Horizontality

19
Q

Laws. “The cut is always younger than the layer it cuts.”

A

Principle of Cross-Cutting Relationship

20
Q

Laws. “The **** is ALWAYS older than the rock containing it.”

A

Inclusion

21
Q

Laws. “Rock embedded in another rock.”

A

Inclusions

22
Q

Laws. Buried erosional or non-depositional surface SEPARATING two rock masses / strata of different ages.

A

Unconformities

23
Q

Three types of unconformities:

A

Angular, Disconformity, Nonconformity

24
Q

Unconform. Tilted strata overlain by more horizontal layers. EASIEST to distinguish.

A

Angular Unconformity

25
Q

Unconform. Evidence of erosive agents, consists of strata that are made of different material but same rock type.

A

Disconformity

26
Q

Unconform. There is difference in rock types, also easy to distinguish. Metamorphic/Igneous sometimes intrude through layers.

A

Nonconformity

27
Q

This is dating the rock layers by determining actual numerical age of rock/fossil.

A

Absolute Dating

28
Q

Other reference call absolute dating as:

A
  • Numerical Dating
  • Radiometric Dating
29
Q

_________ Dating = Qualitative
_________ Dating = Quantitative

A

Relative
Absolute

30
Q

In this method, fossils ang tinitignan to establish a strategy for dating.

A

Biostratigraphy

31
Q

What is the type or the name of the dating that is most use in absolute dating?

A

Radiometric Dating

32
Q

This technique depends on traces of radioactive isotopes found in fossils. The rate of decay helps determine age, and age of rocks.

A

Radiometric Dating

33
Q

This is the time required for half of the radioactive isotope population to decay. They check the ratio of this parent to daughter isotopes.

A

Half Life

34
Q

(a) Parent isotope/nucleus = _______
(b) Daughter isotope/nucleus = _________

A

(a) origin
(b) result

35
Q

Ang naghhalf-life lang ay ang ________ elements.

A

Unstable

Reviewer (31 decks)

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