ESci Quiz Flashcards
The overall process of evaluation of the physical, chemical, and biological nature of water.
Water Quality Assessment
Any contamination of water with chemicals or other foreign substances that are detrimental to human, plant, or animal health.
Water Pollution
a widely spread source of pollution that can’t
be tied to a specific point of origin.
Non-point sources pollution
- a specific source of pollution that can be identified.
Point sources pollution
Residential/urban waste dumped in landfills or surface runoff
into groundwater may cause diseases to spread and kill.
Human Activities
Industries’ wastewater with conventional (oil and grease),
toxic (heavy metals, volatile organic compounds) pollutants
Industrial Activities
Pesticides and fertilizers
Agricultural Activities
•Sediments from construction sites and discharge of toxic chemicals from
motor fuels and concrete washout into the drains.
Construction Activities
any process that improves the quality of water to make it
more acceptable for a specific end-use. The end use may be drinking, industrial water
supply, irrigation, river flow maintenance, water recreation or many other uses,
including being safely returned to the environment.
Water Treatment Plant
1-9 Water Treatment Process
Collection, Screening & Straining, Chemical Addition, Coagulation & Flocculation, Sedimentation & Clarification, Filtration, Disinfection, Storage, Distribution
3 stage of waste water treatment
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary
wastewater is temporarily held in a settling tank where
heavier solids sink to the bottom while lighter solids float to the surface.
primary waste water treatment
works on a deeper level than primary and is
designed to substantially degrade the biological content of the waste through aerobic
biological processes.
secondary waste water treatment
Three ways of secondary waste water treatment
Bio filtration, Aeration, Oxidation ponds
uses sand filters, contact filters or trickling filters to ensure that any
additional sediment is removed from the wastewater.
Bio Filtration
lengthy process which increases oxygen saturation by introducing air
to wastewater. Typically, the ________ process can last for up to 30 hours, but it is
very effective.
Aeration
Typically used in warmer climates, this method utilizes natural bodies of water such
as lagoons, allowing wastewater to pass through for a set period before being retained
for two to three weeks.
Oxidation Ponds
The aim of _________ wastewater treatment is to raise the quality of water to domestic
and industrial standards, or to meet specific requirements around the safe discharge
of water. In the case of water treated by municipalities, tertiary treatment also
involves the removal of pathogens, which ensures that water is safe for drinking
purposes.
tertiary
Farming can degrade the topsoil and lead to an increase
in erosion.
Agricultural Depletion
The three primary macronutrients are
NPK
Grazing animals are animals that live on large areas of
grassland. They wander over the area and eat grasses and shrubs.
Overgrazing animals
another practice that can greatly increase the
rate of erosion in a region
Deforestation
major contributors to erosion, especially on a local level.
Many mining techniques involve shifting large amounts of earth, such as strip mining
or mountaintop removal.
mining operations
•Involves removal of plants which cause more exposure to air and water and
speed up the process of chemical weathering.
Strip and open pit mining
Urban and suburban development can also
exacerbate erosion, especially if the developers ignore the natural state of the land.
Development Expansion
like driving vehicles off-road or hiking - Humans also
cause erosion through recreational activities, like hiking and riding off-road vehicles.
Recreational Activities
the capacity of a soil to function for specific land uses or within
ecosystem boundaries.
Soil Quality
is any form of liquid residue that is hazardous for people or the
environment.
Liquid Wastes
a wastewater from a community, containing solid and liquid excreta,
derived from houses, street and yard washing, factories and industries.
Sewage
is applied to wastewater which does not contain excreta.
Sullage
an underground conduit for carrying off drainage water and waste matter
Sewers
this waste is also known as domestic wastewaters. People
produce it from their daily lives like in the toilet, kitchen, washing, and bathing.
Basically, every liquid that you use and dispose of inside your homes are considered
domestic wastewater.
Residential Areas
commercial areas like buildings, establishments, shops,
markets, restaurants, cafes, etc. conduct human-related activities.
Commercial Areas
can contain feces, urine, water and toilet paper from flush toilets
Black water
comes from sinks, baths, washing machines, and other kitchen
appliances apart from toilets
Grey water
the wastes that come from industrial areas are generated from
the manufacturing or processing of different industries
Industrial Areas
compounds containing carbon, impurities present in
sewage water are human feces and animal wastes like animal dung
organic waste water
evidently different from residential, commercial, and industrial liquid
wastes, stormwater is still a kind of wastewater because it can be contaminated with
different pollutants that come from our surroundings.
Stormwater
Commonly Used Methods for Disposing Liquid Waste
Sedimentation & Dewatering, Incineration, Composting
•Mandates MMDA to formulate and implement policies, standards, programs
and projects for proper and sanitary waste disposal management in the cities
and municipalities in Metro Manila.
Republic Act 7924
•LGUs are responsible for collecting solid wastes in their perspective area
of jurisdiction.
local Government Code of 1991
Republic Act 9003
Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000
