Earth Science Quiz 5 Q2 Flashcards

1
Q

These are remains and traces of prehistoric life.

A

Fossils

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2
Q

What type of rocks are fossils usually preserved in?

A

Sedimentary Rocks

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3
Q

a. All animals (may/ may not) turn into fossils.
b. Fossils (may/may not) always be index fossils.

A

a. may
b. may not

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4
Q

What is the study of fossils?

A

Paleontology

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5
Q

This is any animal or plant preserved in rock record of the Earth that is characteristic of a particular span of geologic time or environment.

A

Index Fossils

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6
Q

These types of fossils help in correlating rocks, they must be distinctive, abundant, and short range.

A

Index Fossils

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7
Q

What are the 3 conditions needed for fossilisation?

A
  1. Rapid Burial
  2. Protective cover or medium
  3. Possession of hard parts of durable tisues
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8
Q

This condition prevents decomposition of remains. Without oxygen from atmosphere, the rate of decay becomes at minimum.

A

Rapid Burial

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9
Q

This condition prevents attack of organisms living on dead organisms, and prevent air and moisture from building up.

A

Protective cover or medium

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10
Q

This condition include bones, teeth, shells, and other hard parts of an organism will most likely be preserved during fossilization. Soft tissues, organs, and flesh usually disintegrate.

A

Possession of hard parts of durable tissues

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11
Q

What are the 2 types of fossilisation?

A

Preservation without alteration
Preservation with alteration

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12
Q

Types of Fossilisa. There is no major chemical change occurs to the carcass. Most organic molecules are intact and suitable for studying ancient life.

A

Preservation without alteration

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13
Q

Types of Fossilisa. Includes altering chem composition of remains. The subtypes of this are dependent on process involved.

A

Preservtion with alteration

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14
Q

What are the 8 subtypes of preservation with alteration?

A

Petrification or Petrified
Recrystallization
Amber
Carbonization
Trace Fossils (Ichnofossils)
Cast
Impression
Mold

PRACTice CIM

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15
Q

Alter Subtype. Most common method, it is when woody components of remains are replaced by material such as silica, leaving a rock.

NAPALITAN YUNG CELLS

A

Petrification

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16
Q

Alter Subtype. Minerals that make up a shell experience change converting them into DIFF MINERAL, SAME CHEM COMPONENTS.

Wala nang mattrace na DNA

A

Recrystallization or Replacement

17
Q

Alter Subtype. Process through which, soft tissues can be preserved. Because of pressure napiga yung carbon content.

A

Carbonization

18
Q

Alter Subtype. _______ aren’t the carcass or remains of an organism, instead, they are the traces left by one.

A

Ichnofossils of Trace Fossils

19
Q

Alter Subtype. Nabura yung carbon pero may natirang kulay itim (this is the ____ itself)

A

Impression

20
Q

Alter Subtype. Nakukuha yung hugis ng shell after it melts. It forms when hollow space of mold are filled with minerals.

21
Q

Alter Subtype. Yung mismong nasa loob, meaning this reflects the shape and outer markings (parang hollow).

22
Q

Alter Subtype. Fossilized/hardened tree resin where the animal or tree is trapped.

23
Q

This is a hierarchal set of divisions describing geologic time and serves as a “calendar” for significant historical occurrences.

A

Geologic Time Scale

24
Q

Geochronologic units of GTS in descending order:

A

Eons –> Eras –> Periods –> Epochs –> Ages

25
GTS. This is the largest division of time, lasting thousands of millions of years.
Eons or Eonothems
26
What are the eons in GTS?
Phanerozoic (Current Eon) Precambrian (of Proterozoic, Archean, Hadean)
27
GTS. These are the subdivision of eons. On the scale of hundreds of millions of years.
Eras or Erathems
28
What are the eras in GTS?
Cenozoic, Mesozoic, Paleozoic (Neo-, Meso-), Paleo-proterozoic (Neo-, Meso-, Paleo-, Eo-archean)
29
GTS. Also referred to as "systems", are the subdivisions of eras lasting tens of millions of years.
Periods
30
What are the more famous periods in GTS?
Quaternary (current period) Cretaceous Jurassic Triassic Devonian
31
GTS. Also referred to as "series", are subdivisions of periods. Range of several million years.
Epochs
32
What is the current epoch?
Holocene
33
Epoch. The _______ refers to the youngest part of the period and __________ refers to the oldest part of it.
Upper; Lower
34
GTS. Also referred to as "stages", are the smallest units of geologic time. Usually only a few million years in length.
Ages
35
What is the current age in geologic time?
Meghalayan
36
Divisions in GTS is determined by varying events such as:
Reversals Extinction Magnetic Pole Start of Species of Organisms REMS