U2C8L2: Rights of Citizens Flashcards
Naturalization
Legal process by which citizens from another country can become American citizens.
Immigrant
People who leave their home country to live temporarily or permanently in another nation.
Visa
Permission, usually made on a passport, to enter, visit, or leave a nation.
Green Card
Permission for legal immigrants to live in the US indefinitely.
Asylum
A legal status granted to refugees who are fleeing their nation due to persecution.
Extracurricular
Groups or activities not considered as part of a normal school day or curriculum.
Petition
A formal request.
Slander
The crime of verbally spreading lies about another person.
Libel
The crime of telling lies about another person in printed or written form.
What is an exception to naturalized citizenship?
Children born to foreign diplomats (official government representatives). They keep the citizenship of their parents
What do green card immigrants have to do to become US citizens?
- Fill out a form applying for naturalization
- Meet residency requirements
- Be able to read, write, and speak English
- Be knowledgeable about US history and government (civics)
- Be a person of good moral character
What is asylum status a form of protection for?
People who…
- meet the definition of refugee
- are already in the US
- are seeking admission as a port of entry
Why do some immigrants resort to illegal means of living in the US?
- They were denied permission
- They never applied because the process was too long
What categories do the rights protected in the Bill of Rights fall into?
- Individual freedoms
- Rights of people accused of crimes
- Protecting other rights
- Protecting all Americans
What is the category of Individual freedoms and what amendment/amendments does it consist of?
It protects five basic freedoms that are the foundations for our democracy.
- 1st Amendment: freedom to develop own beliefs/religion, freedom to express ourselves freely, freedom to meet openly with others, and the freedom to have views on public matters heard by government members
What are the 5 freedoms protected by the First Amendment?
- Freedom of speech
- Freedom of religion
- Freedom of the press
- Freedom of assembly
- Freedom to petition the government
Search Warrant
A court order allowing law enforcement officers to search a suspect’s home or business and take specific items as evidence.
Indictment
A formal charge.
Double Jeopardy
The legal concept that those who have been found innocent of a criminal charge cannot be charged again for the same crime.
Due Process
The legal concept that laws must be reasonable and courts should follow established legal procedures.
Self-incrimination
A speech or action that suggests your own guilt, especially during court testimony.
Eminent Domain
The right of the government to take private property-usually land-for public use.
Forfeited
Confiscated or taken away as a penalty for breaking a contract.
Poll Taxes
A required sum of money voters must pay before voting.
What is the category of Protecting the Rights of the Accused and what amendments does it consist of? (Part 1)
Prevent government ransacking and wrongful incrimination.
- 4th Amendment: no soldier can search/seize property or people unless they have a probable cause/search warrant (has to be considered)
- 5th Amendment: no jury trial without formal charge, innocent until proven guilty, no double jeopardy, no self incrimination (I plead the 5th)
What is the category of Protecting the Rights of the Accused and what amendments does it consist of? (Part 2)
- 6th Amendment: additional due process (legal procedures) and jury trials, know exact conviction, have a lawyer (if you can’t pay gov will pay for one for you)
- 8th Amendment: Speedy trial with bail decided by judge (depends on stuff like type of crime), not excessive bail/fines, no cruel/unusual punishment
What is the category of Protecting Other Rights and what amendments does it consist of?
- 2nd Amendment: right to bear arms without government interference, but needs to be safe
- 3rd Amendment: soldiers don’t live in houses without permission from homeowners
- 7th Amendment: jury allowed for civil cases (disagreements between people rather than crimes) if over $20
- 9th Amendment: other rights beyond written, like privacy
- 10th Amendment: any powers not national go to the state or the people to limit national power
What is the category of Protecting all Americans/Voting Rights and what amendments does it consist of?
- 13th (1865): abolishes slavery and bans it (doesn’t mean equality)
- 14th (1868): prevent states from denying citizenship, equal protection of the law, no taking life, liberty, property
- 15th (1870): no taking away voting rights based on race, religion, or color; guarantee the right to vote only for men
- 19th (1920): women can vote, they made their own rights because the Constitution did not deny suffrage (using 10th amendment)
- 23rd (1961): the capital (DC) wasn’t able to vote because it wasn’t a state, but that changed
- 24th (1964): poll taxes were illegal because people couldn’t pay them, and this helped state elections too
- 26th (1971): many young people were fighting in the war, but they couldn’t vote; this changed so 18 year olds can have a voice while they’re fighting
