U2C6L3: Nutrition

Question 1

Obese

Answer 1

Very overweight.

Question 2

Appetite

Answer 2

Psychological desire for food.

Question 3

Hunger

Answer 3

Physical need for food.

Question 4

Nutrients

Answer 4

Substances in food that your body needs.

Question 5

Calories

Answer 5

A measure of the energy in food.

Question 6

Carbohydrates

Answer 6

The sugars and starches that provide your body with most of its energy.

Question 7

Protein

Answer 7

A nutrient your body uses to build, repair, and maintain cells and tissues.

Question 8

Legumes

Answer 8

The group of vegetables that includes beans, peas, and lentils.

Question 9

Essential Amino Acids

Answer 9

Small units that make up protein that the body cannot make-they must come from the food you eat.

Question 10

Saturated Fats

Answer 10

Fats that are solid at room temperature.

Question 11

Unsaturated Fats

Answer 11

Fats that are liquid at room temperature.

Question 12

Cholesterol

Answer 12

A waxy substance used by the body to build cells and hormones, and to protect nerve fibers.

Question 13

What are 3 food factors that influence what people eat?

Answer 13

• Food availability: some only grow in certain areas or at certain times
• Time and money: budget affects what people eat
• Personal, Physical, or Medical Factors: some people have allergies/conditions that restrict what they eat like to milk and shellfish

Question 14

What are 4 important roles of nutrients?

Answer 14

• Give you energy
• Build new body tissues
• Repair cells
• Help processes/systems run smoothly

Question 15

What are the six categories of nutrients?

Answer 15

• Carbohydrates: provides energy, simple/complex (sugar is simple while whole grains are complex); go for complex
• Proteins: nutrients for building/repairing tissue and comes from animal sources (meat) or complete proteins that provide essential AA, while plant sources like soybeans are incomplete proteins; they lack essential AA
• Fats: provides energy/healthy skin, high in calories; two categories (saturated=solid at room temp like butter) and (unsaturated=liquid at room temp like oils)
• Vitamins: regulates functions in small amounts like white blood cells for infection; comes from body and food
• Minerals: regulate processes like bone/teeth growth, kidney function; promotes regular body growth
• Water: vital for life, makes up half of body, and transports nutrients/removes waste/lubricates joints; need to replenish water after exercising and stuff

Question 16

What are important vitamins and minerals?

Answer 16

• Vitamin A: promotes healthy skin/vision (from leafy veggies, eggs, liver)
• Vitamin K: helps blood clot (from leafy veggies, egg yolks, liver)
• Calcium: builds strong bone/teeth (from dairy)
• Iron: needed for hemoglobin in red blood cells (in red meat, nuts, eggs, veggies)

Question 17

Hydration

Answer 17

Providing enough water to maintain a correct fluid balance.

Question 18

Electrolytes

Answer 18

Substances that help control fluid levels and maintain normal potassium levels in the body.

Question 19

Trans Fat

Answer 19

Artificial fats made when hydrogen gas reacts with oil.

Question 20

What are the 6 other things found in food?

Answer 20

• Fiber (good for you that body can’t digest from veggies/grains; moves particles through and lowers cancer risk)
• Cholesterol (waxy substance to build cells from liver/blood; low-density/LDL can leave deposits of fat for heart attack so eat unsaturated fats; HDL lowers it and comes from veggies/nuts)
• Hidden Fats (in hidden/prepared foods and fried foods; trans fats or trans fatty acids are found in cookies and stuff)
• Hidden Sugar (fruit, candy, milk and can be bad for gaining weight/other problems)
• Sodium (processed foods for more flavor and has heart/kidney problems; use spices instead)
• Caffeine (stimulates nervous system/habit forming; in soft drinks and makes you drowsy to have more so limit it)

Question 21

What are the names of common hidden sugars?

Answer 21

• Cane sugar
• Corn syrup

Question 22

What are the 6 parts of a nutrition label?

Answer 22

• Serving size (how much is in a serving)
• Calories/calories from fat (energy from food)
• Nutrients/fats and sodium (amount of total fat and sodium and stuff)
• Nutrients/vitamins, fibers, and minerals (improves health)
• Percentage of Daily Value (high/low in nutrient for 2,000 calories per day)
• Understanding footnote at bottom (daily values based on 2,000 calories)

Question 23

What are 10 tips for making food choices for a healthy lifestyle (PART 1)?

Answer 23

• Enjoy your food, but eat less
• Avoid oversized portions
• Eat some more foods more often
• Make half of your plate fruits and vegetables
• Switch to fat-free or low-fat (1%) milk

Question 24

What are 10 tips for making food choices for a healthy lifestyle (PART 2)?

Answer 24

• Make half your grains whole grains
• Eat some foods less
• Compare sodium in foods
• Drink water instead of sugary drinks
• Balance calories