types and methods of practice

Question 1

what is part practise?

Answer 1

-split practise into sub-routines
-used when skill is low in organisation
-good for dangerous skills

-helps build confidence learning each skill individually and then together

-eg practising the tennis serve, practising the backswing first

Question 2

what is whole practise?

Answer 2

-a skill taught without being broken down
-‘true feel’ (kniaesthetic sense) for the skill and transfer from practise to the real situation is positive
-likely to be fluent in movement

-eg golf swing

Question 3

what is whole-part-whole practise?

Answer 3

-attempt the whole skill, then in parts, then whole
-good for serial skills or those with low-organisation when sub-routines have distinct features

-eg triple jump or a basketball lay-up shot
-helps recognise the strengths and weaknesses in the performance and then contruct seperate practise.

-eg practise whole lay up, isolate and pratise skills then put back together

Question 4

what is progressive-part practise?

Answer 4

-serial skill is broken down into sub-routines that are links of a chain.
-1st, then 2nd, then 1st and 2nd. 3rd then 1st 2nd and 3rd together.
-coaches and teachers use a mixture of part and whole methods.

eg breatstroke swimming as whole movement is complex.
-separate leg and arm movements and practise till fluency. Then combine together

Question 5

what is massed practise?

Answer 5

-continuous practices with very few rest intervals eg free throws in basketball

-good for memorisation and for skilled and motivated athletes

-not good for beginners/unexperiences

Question 6

what is distributed practise?

Answer 6

-bursts of practise with rest intervals eg sprint starts

-good for low ability (cognitive), complex and gross skills

-not good because disrupts flow of skills

Question 7

what is fixed practise?

Answer 7

-practise conditions do not change (predictable)

-good for overlearning and low ability performers, closed skills

-not good for demonstrating, high ability and open skills

Question 8

what is variable practise?

Answer 8

-practise conditions are constantly changing (unpredictable)

-good for autonomous performers and replicates information processing of game situations
-good for open skills/externally paced skills, develops schema

-not good for closed skills and low ability beginners