group and team dynamics Flashcards
what is a group
a collection of people who both share similar goals and interact with one another
who created forming, storming, norming and performing model of group development
Tuckman 1965
what happens in stage 1 forming
-high dependence on leader for guidance and direction
-group members start to get to know each other
-little agreement on aims of the team other than leader
-each member’s individual roles are unclear and the team leader must be prepared to give strong directions
stage 2 storming
-group decisions are difficult
-team members jostle for position and try to establish themselves in relation to others
-clearer focus for team and stronger sense of purpose, although there are many uncertainties
-cliches form and power struggles
-team needs focused goal
-leader has advisory or coaching role
stage 3 norming
-more agreement and consensus of opinion
-roles and responsibilities clearer and generally accepted
-less important decisions delegated
-commitment and unity
-social and friendly team
-general respect for leader and leadership shared
stage 4 performing
-team has more strategies and clear vision and aims
-no interference or participation by leader
-focus on achieving goals
-team members trusted to get on with job with little interference
-disagreements occur but are resolved positively
-do not need instruction
-may ask for assistance from leader about personal or interpersonal issues
steiners model of group cohesion
actual productivity = potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes
potential productivity is the best possible performance if all the resources are available and the abilities of the members are high
why do groups fall short of their potential because of process faults
- coordination problems - if coordination and timing of the team members don’t match, team strategies will suffer and so will performance
- motivation problems - if individual members are not motivated to the same extent the potential of the team will not be released
eg hockey team players have individual motives
the Ringel Mann effect
-individual performance decreases as group size increases
eg rope pulling task
-groups pull more than individual
-groups don’t pull as much as combined individuals
-loss in performance due to coordination and motivation
-individuals within group lose motivation
what is social loafing
when individuals in a group lose motivation, caused by loss of identity.
-individual efforts may not be recognised by those spectating or taking part.
what should be done to prevent social loafing
undesirable in teams and should be eliminated
-if lack of id is main cause, highlight individual performance.
eg keep tackle counts in rugby or assists in basketball
-feedback about performance can combat social loafing
-sociable and cohesive team limits SL
