classification of skills

Question 1

What is a skill?

Answer 1

the ability to do something

Question 2

What is a goal directed skill?

Answer 2

a goal is achieved

Question 3

What is a learned skill?

Answer 3

a skill that can be learned over time

Question 4

What is a aesthetic/accurate skill?

Answer 4

a skill that looks good

Question 5

What is a consistent skill?

Answer 5

a skill that is fluent and well organised

Question 6

What is an efficient/ effective skill?

Answer 6

a skill that looks effortless

Question 7

What is a cognitive skill?

Answer 7

a skill that involves the mental/intellectual ability of the performer.
ie working out tactics

Question 8

What is a perceptual skill?

Answer 8

a skill that involves the detection and perception of information.
ie deciding when and how to pass the ball in a football

Question 9

What is a motor skill?

Answer 9

a skill which involved movement and muscular control.
a movement that is learned rather than being innate.
ie jumping, swimming

Question 10

tell me more about motor skills

Answer 10

-may very in nature and complexity
-may be analysed by classifying them according to their characteristics.
-help us learn and teach skills
-often skills and have varying degrees of characteristics so continuum are used to classify skills.

Question 11

How is a continuum used to analyse motor skills?

Answer 11

a continuum is an imaginary scale between two extremes that shows a gradual increase/decrease in the number of characteristics.

Question 12

What are criticisms of continuum’s being used to analyse motor skills?

Answer 12

-it’s difficult to be specific as skills have elements of all characteristics to a greater or lesser extent.

-these characteristics can change depending on the situation in which they are performed

Question 13

In the classification of skills, what is muscular involvement (gross and fine)?

Answer 13

Gross skills:
-involve large muscles
-little concern for precision
-eg shot put

Fine skills
-involves intricate movements using small muscle groups
-precise and high degree of hand-eye coordination

Question 14

In the classification of skills, what is environmental influence (open/closed)?

Answer 14

Open skills:
-affected by the environment
-dependent on external factors - opponents, team mates
-eg receiving a pass in rugby, hockey, netball

Closed skills:
-not affected by the environment
-follow a set pattern and have a definite beginning and end
-tennis serve, free throw, shot put

Question 15

In the classification of skills, what is discrete/serial/continuous?

Answer 15

Discrete:
-skills that have clear beginning and end.
-eg hockey penalty flick, pass in football

Serial:
-skills that consist of a number of discrete skills.
-eg trampoline sequence, triple jump

Continuous:
-skills with no clear beginning or end
-eg runnng, cycling leg action

Question 16

In the classification of skills, what is pacing (self paced/externally paced)?

Answer 16

Self (internally) paced:
-performer controls the timing of the skill, when and how the skill is performed.
-normally closed skills
-eg high jump, javelin throw

Externally paced:
-the environment controls the timing of skills, eg opponent
-normally open skills

Question 17

In the classification of skills, what is organisation (low/high)?

Answer 17

Low organisation skills:
-skills are made of sub-routines that are easily separated and practised by themselves.
-can be learned/practised in parts.
-eg swimming strokes, trampoline routine

High organisation skills:
-skills where sub-routines are closely linked and difficult to separate.
-usually learned/practises as a whole.
-often momentum/ballistic skills
-eg golf swing

Question 18

In the classification of skills, what is difficulty (simple/complex)

Answer 18

simple
-performer has little information to process and few decisions
-low perceptual load, few subroutines
eg sprint start in swim

complex skills
-high levels of decision making
-high perceptual load, many subroutines
eg tennis serve, somersault