classification of skills Flashcards
What is a skill?
the ability to do something
What is a goal directed skill?
a goal is achieved
What is a learned skill?
a skill that can be learned over time
What is a aesthetic/accurate skill?
a skill that looks good
What is a consistent skill?
a skill that is fluent and well organised
What is an efficient/ effective skill?
a skill that looks effortless
What is a cognitive skill?
a skill that involves the mental/intellectual ability of the performer.
ie working out tactics
What is a perceptual skill?
a skill that involves the detection and perception of information.
ie deciding when and how to pass the ball in a football
What is a motor skill?
a skill which involved movement and muscular control.
a movement that is learned rather than being innate.
ie jumping, swimming
tell me more about motor skills
-may very in nature and complexity
-may be analysed by classifying them according to their characteristics.
-help us learn and teach skills
-often skills and have varying degrees of characteristics so continuum are used to classify skills.
How is a continuum used to analyse motor skills?
a continuum is an imaginary scale between two extremes that shows a gradual increase/decrease in the number of characteristics.
What are criticisms of continuum’s being used to analyse motor skills?
-it’s difficult to be specific as skills have elements of all characteristics to a greater or lesser extent.
-these characteristics can change depending on the situation in which they are performed
In the classification of skills, what is muscular involvement (gross and fine)?
Gross skills:
-involve large muscles
-little concern for precision
-eg shot put
Fine skills
-involves intricate movements using small muscle groups
-precise and high degree of hand-eye coordination
In the classification of skills, what is environmental influence (open/closed)?
Open skills:
-affected by the environment
-dependent on external factors - opponents, team mates
-eg receiving a pass in rugby, hockey, netball
Closed skills:
-not affected by the environment
-follow a set pattern and have a definite beginning and end
-tennis serve, free throw, shot put
In the classification of skills, what is discrete/serial/continuous?
Discrete:
-skills that have clear beginning and end.
-eg hockey penalty flick, pass in football
Serial:
-skills that consist of a number of discrete skills.
-eg trampoline sequence, triple jump
Continuous:
-skills with no clear beginning or end
-eg runnng, cycling leg action
In the classification of skills, what is pacing (self paced/externally paced)?
Self (internally) paced:
-performer controls the timing of the skill, when and how the skill is performed.
-normally closed skills
-eg high jump, javelin throw
Externally paced:
-the environment controls the timing of skills, eg opponent
-normally open skills
In the classification of skills, what is organisation (low/high)?
Low organisation skills:
-skills are made of sub-routines that are easily separated and practised by themselves.
-can be learned/practised in parts.
-eg swimming strokes, trampoline routine
High organisation skills:
-skills where sub-routines are closely linked and difficult to separate.
-usually learned/practises as a whole.
-often momentum/ballistic skills
-eg golf swing
In the classification of skills, what is difficulty (simple/complex)
simple
-performer has little information to process and few decisions
-low perceptual load, few subroutines
eg sprint start in swim
complex skills
-high levels of decision making
-high perceptual load, many subroutines
eg tennis serve, somersault
