memory models Flashcards
why is memory important
-to interpret info when it comes to previous experiences
-determining the motor programme we are going to use to implement actions
what did atkinson and shiffren create
the multi-store model of memory process
what are the three stages of remebering info
encoding
storage
retrieval
what is encoding
the conversion of info into codes called visual, auditory and semantic codes
-remember essential info
what is storage
the retention of info over period of time
what is retrieval
the recovery of info that has been stored
what are the three stores in MSMM
short term sensory store
short term memory
long term memory
what is the capacity and duration of short term sensory store
limitless capacity
1 second duration
what is the capacity and duration of short term memory
7+/-2 pieces
30 sec duration
what is the capacity and duration of long term memory
limitless capacity and duration
how can short term memory be increased
by chunking similar info together
how does info move from sensory store to short term
attention
how does info move from short to long term
ST –> LT = rehearsal
ST <– LT = retrieval
what is selective attention
relevant info is filtered through into short term and irrelevant info is forgotten
where does selective attention take place
short-term sensory store
advantages of multi store memory model
-simple to understand
-explains how an individual can live with large amount of info
-if infor is repeated/chunked it is more likely to be stored in LTM
disadvantages of multi store memory model
-model is too simple and hasn’t been proven
-doesn’t account for individual differences in duration and capacity
what did craik and lockhart create
level of processing model
what is the level of processing model
how deeply we consider or process information dictates how long the memory lasts
information is received by the brain and transferred to the long term memory and remembered if 3 steps happen
what are the three steps of craik and lockharts model
structural
phonetic
semantic
what are the three levels of craik and lockharts levels of processing model
structural
phonetic
semantic
structural
least effective
‘looks like’
eg demonstration of somersault
phonetic
shallow/intermediate
‘sounds like’
eg verbal guidance and telling someone how to somersault
semantic
deeply understood - good recall and understanding
‘means’ - understood and meaning
explains why something is important
eg why faster rotational speed means a more successful somersault
advantages of craik and lockhards levles of processing model
-explains that we understand info, we are likely to remember it
-longer we consider and analyse info the more we remember it
disadvantages of craik and lockhards levles of processing model
-the longer it takes to process info does not always lead to better recall
-it is difficult to know what ‘deep’ processing involves
-it does not take into account individual differences
3 factors that affect memory using craik and lockharts model
-memory affected by how much consideration is given to the info
-whether the info is understood
-whether the info has meaning
