attribution

Question 1

what is attribution

Answer 1

an explanation of the cause for success or failure

Question 2

what is Weiner’s locus of causability

Answer 2

whether the attributions come from within the person (internal) or the environment (external)

Question 3

what is Weiner’s locus of stability

Answer 3

is the attribution changeable or unchangeable.

affects a person’t expectations or future outcomes.

Question 4

how does the table look

Answer 4

causability: internal and external on top

stability: stable and unstable on side

Question 5

internal stable

Answer 5

ability

we were the better team

Question 6

external stable

Answer 6

task difficulty

they were the team at the bottom of the league

Question 7

internal unstable

Answer 7

effort

we were prepared well and gave it everything

Question 8

external unstable

Answer 8

luck

a lot of marginal decisions went our way

Question 9

what is a self-serving bias

Answer 9

when sports performers who lose attribute their failure to external causes

winners attribute to internal

not wanting to take responsibility for failure

Question 10

weiner’s controllability dimension

Answer 10

the extent to which the outcome is controllable for the performer

Question 11

how can weiner’s controllability dimension be used in praise

Answer 11

effort and controllable success is praised to:
-inc motivation
-inc confidence
-inc pride

Question 12

how can weiner’s controllability dimension be used for uncontrollable aspects

Answer 12

a coach can attribute failure to external causes to protect players from responsibility

-maintain self-esteem
-sustain motivation
-restore pride and confidence

Question 13

what is learned helplessness

Answer 13

a state of mind where the performer believes failure is inevitable

‘why bother’

Question 14

how can learned helplessness develop

Answer 14

if performers attribute failure to internal, stable and uncontrollable reasons such as ability

Question 15

how can learned helplessness be prevented

Answer 15

if the performer attribute failure to external, unstable and controllable reasons such as effort

Question 16

what is mastery orientation

Answer 16

state of mind where the performer believes that success is within their control

failure is a learning experience and their persistence motivates them to be the best.

Question 17

what is good about mastery orientation

Answer 17

performers feel in control of their performance outcomes and show approach behaviour rather than avoidance.

Question 18

how do people with mastery orientation attribute performance

Answer 18

attribute performance to internal, unstable and controllable factors

more in control and motivated

eg ability and effort

Question 19

what is good about self-serving bias

Answer 19

-protects self-esteem as it takes away blame
-motivation high
-team cohesion as no one to blame

Question 20

what is bad about self-serving bias

Answer 20

-shields reason for failure
-lead to lack of improvement

Question 21

what is attribution retraining

Answer 21

altering the perception of the athlete as this is a learned behaviour and therefore unchangeable

eg seeking to change ‘learned’ into ‘mastery orientation’

Question 22

who needs attribution retraining

Answer 22

those who have failed and starting to experienced learned helplessness

Question 23

what techniques can be used for attribution retraining

Answer 23

-use role models
-positive reinforcement
-experiences
-give success
-control arousal levels
-use goal setting
-use mental imagery

Question 24

what strategies can be used for attribution retraining

Answer 24

-realistic goals
-focus on process not performance
-positive aspects
-focus on unstable and controllable factors eg effort
-develop self-confidence