aggression Flashcards
what is aggression
intent to harm outside the rules of sports event
eg football player punching opposition
what is assertion
forceful behaviour within the laws of the event
eg boxer landing final knock out punch
what is the instinct theory
Lorenze 1966
aggression is innate and natural response that is hard to control
-applied animal principles to humans and said that humans generate aggressive energy that needs to be released
-natural build up needs releasing through antisocial act or acceptable behaviour eg sports comp
strengths of instinct theory
-aggression can be hard to control
-some people can be aggressive and predictable
-get catharsis
-natural human instinct
weakness of instinct theory
-used animals for study which isn’t generalisable
-not everyone reacts aggressively
-people can control release
-implies all humans are the same
-aggression can be learnt
-simple
what is catharsis
the release of frustration which leads to a feeling of well-being and neutrality
what is the frustration aggression hypothesis
Dollard 1939
frustration will always lead to aggression
allied with instinct theory
drive to goal = obstacle to goal = frustration = agression =
catharsis = success
or
punishment = frustration (cycle)
example of frustration aggression hypothesis
-want to finish race in top 12 and qualify
-gets pushed over at start
-frustration as at back of pack
-push on harder and be competitive
-feel good and move through pack and qualify
or
-get disqualifies or tripped over again
strengths of frustration aggression hypothesis
-if aggressive act is successful, frustration is released and catharsis is achieved
weakness of frustration aggression hypothesis
-we don’t always get aggressive when we are frustrated
-some people are aggressive without frustration
-doesn’t take personality as a factor
what is the aggressive cue hypothesis
Berkowitz 1969
-inc frustration = inc in arousal
-readiness for aggression
= arousal level not frustration that causes aggression
-certain stimuli need to be present to act as cue
eg particular opponent
-athlete associated these cues with having to be aggressive
examples of aggressive cue hypothesis
places - boxing ring
people - provoked by verbal abuse in rugby
witnessing violence - seeing team mate being punched
perceived unfairness - incorrect ref decision
SLT
Bandura 1977
-individuals learn to be aggressive if they see that behaviour from others
-or if their behaviour is reinforced by sig others
-learning is vicarious
-learnt response
strength of SLT
doesn’t believe behaviour is innate and people learn this behaviour
they can also unlearn this behaviour
