stages of learning

Question 1

who identified the 3 stages of learning a skill

Answer 1

Fitts and Posner 1967

Question 2

what is the order of stages

Answer 2

cognitive
associative
autonomous

Question 3

what is the cognitive phase

Answer 3

the thinking phase

Question 4

what is the associative phase

Answer 4

practise phase

Question 5

what is the autonomous phase

Answer 5

habitual phase

Question 6

what happens in the cognitive phase

Answer 6

create a mental picture of the skill through
-demos
-guidance
-key words and cues

performances will be
-inconsistent
-lack coordination
-lack fluency and be full of error

-trial and error
-positive feedback given
-performer relies on this

Question 7

what happens in the associative phase

Answer 7

practise phase of learning
-some never progress beyond this phase

-improved levels of fluency
-begins to use intrinsic (kinaesthetic) feedback
-still uses extrinsic feedback

Question 8

what happens in the autonomous phase

Answer 8

execution
-minimal conscious thought : habitual
-focuses on other factors eg tactics

performance
-detects own erros and correct them with intrinsic feedback
-less external feedback needed

practise
-needs to be maintained to not regress

motor programme is established and stores in long term memory

Question 9

example of cognitive phase

Answer 9

novice badminton player needs to understand serve
-teacher demonstrates correct technique and important cues
-build mental picture (visualisation)

Question 10

example of associative phase

Answer 10

novice badminton player is aware of what needs to be done
-tried different strategies
-consistent serve and most fall in box
-performer focusing on improving technique and getting feedback from coach
-detect and correct errors

Question 11

example of autonomous phase

Answer 11

confident and consistent
-minimal thought
-sophisticated strategies
-uses cues like opponents positioning to change technique