personality Flashcards
What is personality?
The patterns of thoughts and feelings and the way in which we interact with our environment and other people that make us unique.
What is the trait perspective?
-We are all born with particular personality traits that are innate behaviours.
-These are enduring and don’t change over time - predetermined at birth.
-Behaviour is predictable
Eg aggressive on and off of pitch.
Eg extrovert at work and when you play
what was Girdanos approach
narrow-band approach (type a + b)
what was Eysencks theory
introvert/extrovert
stable/neurotic
what is anxiety
a negative emotional state that is closely associated with arousal.
experiencing apprehension and being aware of high arousal linked to our fears and worries
What are the characteristics of a type A personality?
Highly competitive
Works fast
Strong desire to succeed
Likes control
Prone to suffer stress
What are the characteristics of a type B personality?
Non competitive
Works more slowly
Lacking desire to succeed
Doesn’t enjoy control
Less prone to stress
How should coaches use narrow band approach?
Coaches should be more aware of a performers anxiety levels and able to suggest improvement strategies.
Performer can seek support to deal with state anxiety levels.
Eg taking a penalty free throw
Explain Eysencks theory
4 main personality characteristics defined and placed one a matrix in two dimensions. The characteristics are determined from a questionnaire.
what is extroversion
a personality characteristic or trait a person who seeks social situations and likes excitement likes
what is introversion
personality characteristic for someones who doesn’t like social situations and likes quiet
what is arousal
the energised state or the readiness for action that motivates us to behave in a particular way
what are the characteristics of a stable extrovert
talkative
outgoing
easy going
carefree
leadership qualities
what are the characteristics of a neurotic extrovert
restless
aggressive
excitable
changeable
what are the characteristics of a neurotic introvert
anxious
sober
rigid
pessimistic
what are the characteristics of a stable introvert
carefree
thoughtful
controlled
reliable
even tempered
what is the reticular activating system (ras)
-located in the brain system
-regulates sleep/wake transitions
-filter, dampening down effect of repeated stimuli such as loud noises.
-helps prevent the senses from being overloaded
introverts and RAS
high levels of arousal naturally in brain from weak RAS
extroverts and RAS
RAS reduces effects of sensory stimuli
leads to low levels of arousal in brain
social learning and personality
-learn though observing and copying behaviour
-this is how we socialise and adapt to norms and values
-praise and reinforcement from sig others = more likely to continue process
-models
-sig: value them
-relevant: age, sex, ability
Bandura and personality
-behaviour learnt through environment from sig others
-perople behave differently in difficult situations
-reactions from others reinforce behaviour
-personality is learnt through modelling and social reinforcement
what is vicarious learning
learning of emotional responses through observation
eg player getting angry at a line call
eg abusing the ref
interactionist approach to personality
-combines triat and social learning theory
eg agree with trait theory that traits can be born
but
-traits interact with environment factors and change behaviour
strength of interactionist approach
-isn’t deterministic
-biological traits can be environmentally effected
-realistic as both approaches are limited and explains behaviour is unpredictable
