personality

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

The patterns of thoughts and feelings and the way in which we interact with our environment and other people that make us unique.

Question 2

What is the trait perspective?

Answer 2

-We are all born with particular personality traits that are innate behaviours.
-These are enduring and don’t change over time - predetermined at birth.
-Behaviour is predictable

Eg aggressive on and off of pitch.
Eg extrovert at work and when you play

Question 3

what was Girdanos approach

Answer 3

narrow-band approach (type a + b)

Question 4

what was Eysencks theory

Answer 4

introvert/extrovert

stable/neurotic

Question 5

what is anxiety

Answer 5

a negative emotional state that is closely associated with arousal.

experiencing apprehension and being aware of high arousal linked to our fears and worries

Question 6

What are the characteristics of a type A personality?

Answer 6

Highly competitive
Works fast
Strong desire to succeed
Likes control
Prone to suffer stress

Question 7

What are the characteristics of a type B personality?

Answer 7

Non competitive
Works more slowly
Lacking desire to succeed
Doesn’t enjoy control
Less prone to stress

Question 8

How should coaches use narrow band approach?

Answer 8

Coaches should be more aware of a performers anxiety levels and able to suggest improvement strategies.
Performer can seek support to deal with state anxiety levels.
Eg taking a penalty free throw

Question 9

Explain Eysencks theory

Answer 9

4 main personality characteristics defined and placed one a matrix in two dimensions. The characteristics are determined from a questionnaire.

Question 10

what is extroversion

Answer 10

a personality characteristic or trait a person who seeks social situations and likes excitement likes

Question 11

what is introversion

Answer 11

personality characteristic for someones who doesn’t like social situations and likes quiet

Question 12

what is arousal

Answer 12

the energised state or the readiness for action that motivates us to behave in a particular way

Question 13

what are the characteristics of a stable extrovert

Answer 13

talkative
outgoing
easy going
carefree
leadership qualities

Question 14

what are the characteristics of a neurotic extrovert

Answer 14

restless
aggressive
excitable
changeable

Question 15

what are the characteristics of a neurotic introvert

Answer 15

anxious
sober
rigid
pessimistic

Question 16

what are the characteristics of a stable introvert

Answer 16

carefree
thoughtful
controlled
reliable
even tempered

Question 17

what is the reticular activating system (ras)

Answer 17

-located in the brain system
-regulates sleep/wake transitions
-filter, dampening down effect of repeated stimuli such as loud noises.
-helps prevent the senses from being overloaded

Question 18

introverts and RAS

Answer 18

high levels of arousal naturally in brain from weak RAS

Question 19

extroverts and RAS

Answer 19

RAS reduces effects of sensory stimuli
leads to low levels of arousal in brain

Question 20

social learning and personality

Answer 20

-learn though observing and copying behaviour
-this is how we socialise and adapt to norms and values

-praise and reinforcement from sig others = more likely to continue process
-models
-sig: value them
-relevant: age, sex, ability

Question 21

Bandura and personality

Answer 21

-behaviour learnt through environment from sig others
-perople behave differently in difficult situations
-reactions from others reinforce behaviour
-personality is learnt through modelling and social reinforcement

Question 22

what is vicarious learning

Answer 22

learning of emotional responses through observation
eg player getting angry at a line call
eg abusing the ref

Question 23

interactionist approach to personality

Answer 23

-combines triat and social learning theory
eg agree with trait theory that traits can be born

but

-traits interact with environment factors and change behaviour

Question 24

strength of interactionist approach

Answer 24

-isn’t deterministic
-biological traits can be environmentally effected

-realistic as both approaches are limited and explains behaviour is unpredictable