Tumour Pathology 5

Question 1

what are a view factors that could lead to carcinogenesis?

Answer 1

geographical and environmental factors, age, hereditary factors

Question 2

what are tumour suppressor genes called and what do they do?

Answer 2

anti-oncogenes.
regulate apoptosis and DNA repair
regulate mitosis

Question 3

what are proto-oncogens?

Answer 3

Normal genes that promote normal cell growth and apoptosis

Question 4

Give an example of an antioncogene.

Answer 4

retinoblastoma

Question 5

explain sporadic verses hereditary retinoblastoma

Answer 5

two hit hypothesis -
inherited form - one defective inherited copy of pRB, need a somatic point mutation of the other copy

Sporadic form - both hits need to occur on a single cell

Question 6

what is the difference between inherited cancer syndromes and familial cancers?

Answer 6

inherited - strong family history of uncommon - site specific cancers
autosomal dominant inheritance of single mutant gene.
familial - family clustering of cancers but individual predispositions are unclear.due to multifactorial inheritance, could be multiple tumours.

Question 7

if you have familial adenomatous polyposis of colon, what is ur risk of colon cancer by are 50.

Answer 7

100%

Question 8

what can cause oncogenes become activated from photo-oncogenes?

Answer 8

alteration of photo-oncogene striation (e.g point mutation)

deregulation of proto-oncogene expression - e.g gene amplification