Chronic Inflammation 1 Flashcards
Name the four cells that are involved in chronic inflammation.
1) Lymphocytes
2) Macrophages
3) Plasma cells
4) Fibroblasts
What are lymphocytes?
T lymphocytes and B lymphocytes. Involved in immune response, memory and killer T cells.
Where do plasma cells differentiate from?
B cells.
What do plasma cells do?
Produce antibodies.
What do macrophages do?
Present antigens of pathogen. Clean up debris.
What do fibroblasts do?
Make structural proteins - e.g collagen.
What are the two major causes of chronic inflammation?
1) following acute inflammation
2) As a primary lesion.
Under what circumstances would acute inflammation lead to chronic inflammation?
If there is a large volume of damage.
If the debris cannot be removed.
Give four examples as to why chronic inflammation would arise as a Primary Lesion.
1) Autoimmune disorder
2) Materials resistant to digestion
3) exogenous substances
4) endogenous substances
What are some materials resistant to digestion?
Mycobacteria , viruses, brucella (a type of gram negative bacteria) , cell walls that are resistant to enzymes.
What are some exogenous substances?
Sutures, metal and plastic (could be joint replacements)
What are some endogenous substances?
Necrotic tissue, keratin, hair.
Do exogenous and endogenous substances produce an immune response or an inflammatory response or both?
Just inflammatory.
What are the two effects of chronic inflammation?
1) Granulation tissue formation
2) fibrosis and scarring
What is granulation tissue?
It is new connective tissue to ‘patch’ a wound.
How does fibrosis occur?
Fibroblasts lay down collagen.
What are some adverse effects of tissue scarring?
1) adhesions between loops in bowels
2) change in appearance
3) less motility
Is acute or chronic inflammation more long term?
Chronic.
What are the clinical presentations of chronic inflammation.
Malaise (general feeling of illness) and weight loss. Tends to be no specific sore bit.
Loss of function.
Give 2 example of chronic inflammation causing loss of function.
Leprosy - loss of function in cutaneous nerves
Crohn’s Disease.
What is organisation?
The process of granulating tissue that leads to healing and repair.
what is inflammatory exudate, and what replaces it during granulation?
Pus like / clear fluid that covers would. Replaced by collagen set down by fibroblasts.
What does granulated tissue contain a lot off?
Fibroblasts.
What is autoimmune disease?
autoantibodies directed against bodies own tissues and cells - auto antigens.
How do T-lymphocytes work ?
The produce cytokines which attract and hold macrophages.
Produce intervirons (anti viral effects)
and they kill cells.
What does an NK cell do?
It destroys antigens and cells.
