Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

P O D Taz > Pathogen and Host > Flashcards

Pathogen and Host Flashcards

1
Q

What is a pathogen?

A

A disease causing organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a commensal?

A

An organism that is part of the normal flora.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is pathogenicity and what is does it depend on?

A

The capacity of the microorganism to cause infection.
This depends on:
Infectivity (ability to become established)
Virulence (ability to cause damage)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Give some examples of Infectivity.

A

attachement, and acid resistance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give some examples of Virulence.

A

invasiveness
necrotising fasciitis
cellulitis
connective tissue breakdown

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an exotoxin?

A

a toxin released extracellularly by microorganism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a enterotoxin?

A

Toxin that acts on GI tract.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is an endotoxin?

A

found on gram negative cell - lipopolysaccharide coat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Give some features of viral pathogenesis.

A

Cell destruction, changes to gene expression, immunopathogenic disease/

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Give an example of cell destruction caused by viral pathogenesis.

A

HIV killing T4 cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Example of changes to gene expression by viral pathogenesis

A

Tumour viruses - Human papilloma virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

example of immunopathogenic disease causing virus.

A

Influenza A.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is innate immunity?

A

Immunity you are born with.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Are phagocytotic cells part of acquired or innate immunity?

A

Innate Immunity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are polymorphs?

A

Phagocytic cells - white blood cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Name three polymorphs.

A

Neutrophil, eosinophils, basophils.

17
Q

what is a neutrophil?

A

First line of defence.

18
Q

What is a easonophil?

A

Takes larger pathogens. allergic response.

19
Q

What is a basophil?

A

Makes histamine and heparin - triggers inflammation.

20
Q

Give some examples of phagocytotic systems

A

Spleen cleaning blood
Liver cleaning entero-hepatic circulation
Lymph nodes cleaning peripheral sites.

21
Q

What is opsonisation?

A

Pathogen coated with antibody/ complement - killed better as it attracts more killer cells;.

22
Q

What is acquired immunity?

A

You aquire it.
Immunological memory.
Specific response to antigen.

23
Q

What is humoral immunity.

A

Macromolecules in extracellular fluid. Usually protect against bacterial infection.

24
Q

What is cell mediated immunity?

A

antigens presented by macrophages, stimulates T cells. used for viral infection.

25
Q

Give an example of a exotoxin.

A

tetanus.

26
Q

Give an example on an enterotoxin.

A

Cholera

27
Q

Name a few sights of viral entry.

A

Conjunctiva. Skin. Respiratory tract etc.

28
Q

Give an example of a acute virus infection.

A

Influenza A.

29
Q

What is an enterovirus.

A

Affects the control of the GI tract.

30
Q

What is viraemia?

A

Presence of the virus in blood.

31
Q

Are acute virus infections localised ?

A

Yes - but if there is a widespread infection of tissue then there may be the development of viraemia.

32
Q

What is Antigenic Drift?

A

Minor changes in the genes of flu viruses, occurs over time to have slightly different viruses.

33
Q

What is Antigenic Shift?

A

Abrupt major changes in virus structure.

34
Q

Enteroviruses usually pass through the GI tract and are excreted in faeces. What could happen if they don’t?

A

They could go into the blood (viraemia) And go to non-neural tissues or neural tissues. IF they go to neural tissues, this can lead to paralysis.

35
Q

Give an example on a latent virus infection.

A

Herpes simplex virus.

36
Q

For the herpes simplex virus, where is it when its active and where is it when its dormant?

A 
Active = epithelium
Latent = Nucleus
37
Q

When the virus is latent, can it replicate?

A

Nope.

P O D Taz (47 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions