Introduction to Bacteria. Flashcards
Is bacteria a eukaryote or a prokaryote?
A prokaryote.
What does a bacteria’s flagellum do?
Aids movement.
What does a bacterias fimbriae do?
These are wee fibres that help adherence.
What do bacteria’s penicillin binding proteins do?
They are enzymes that help peptidoglycan production.
What does a bacteria’s capsule do?
Can stick to host and illicit their immune response.
How can you identify gram positive or gram negative bacteria.
Gram positive is gram stained purple. Gram negative is gram stained red.
Whats the difference between gram positive and gram negative bacteria’s cell surface?
Gram negative has an extra layer - lipopolysaccharide.
What is gram positive’s cell surface composed off?
Plasma membrane on inside, then periplasmic space, then thick peptidoglycan.
Also contains POMS - outer membrane proteins.
What does cocci mean.?
Spherical.
What does bacilli mean?
Rod- shaped.
How are bacteria named?
Based on genus and species.
Why do some bacteria form spores?
Spores are bacteria’s vegetative state. (throws everything out the cell - but circle remains resistant).
They can form spores, and when the environmental conditions are favourable, they can re-activate.
How do bacteria reproduce?
Binary fission.
How do bacteria pass on genetic information.
Form pillus between two bacteria. - conjugation.
Plasmid contains genetic information and moves onto other bacteria.
How does genetic variation in bacteria occur?
Spontaneous mutation.
transfer of DNA. - conjugation
transformation (living ones use dead ones)
Transduction - DNA from phage. (virus)
