Drug Absorption

Question 1

What is a pharmaceutical process?

Answer 1

the process of getting the drug into the patient

Question 2

What is the pharmacokitenic process - and define ADME.

Answer 2

The process of getting the drug to the site of action/ what the body does to the medicine. 
Absorption 
Distribution 
Metabolism
Elimination

Question 3

What is the pharmacodynamic process?

Answer 3

A process to produce the correct pharmacological effect.

Question 4

What is the therapeutic process?

Answer 4

A process to produce the correct therapeutic effect.

Question 5

What must occur for biological action to occur?

Answer 5

The drug must enter the blood stream and be distributed to the site of action.

Question 6

What is the definition of absortion?

Answer 6

‘The process of movement of the unchanged drug from the sight of administration to the systematic circulation.

Question 7

What is the therapeutic range?

Answer 7

The range that the drug is active across.

Question 8

What happens above the therapeutic range?

Answer 8

The drug becomes toxic - harms the patient.

Question 9

Name three physiochemical factors that affect the transfer of drugs across cell membrane.

Answer 9

Ionisation, Lipid solubility, Structure

Question 10

Most drugs are weak acids and bases, so do not completely ionise. The degree of disossiation depends on the pH of the environment, so a small change in pH dramatically effects the whole drug absorption by the body. But which type of drug crosses the membrane easily, ionised or de-ionised?

Answer 10

De-ionised.

Question 11

Do drugs need to be lipid soluble or insoluble to cross the membrane?

Answer 11

Soluble.

Question 12

What must the structure of the drug resemble in order to cross the membrane?

Answer 12

A naturally occuring substance - to pass through the pumps in active transport.

Question 13

What three factors affect the absorption of drug from the GI tract?

Answer 13

1) Motility (speed of gastric activity)
2) Food
3) illness

Question 14

Does food impair or enhance drug absorption from the GI tract?

Answer 14

Could do both.

Question 15

What is first pass metabolism?

Answer 15

Metabolism of drug PRIOR to it reaching the site of activity.

Question 16

How can you avoid first pass metabolism?

Answer 16

Using other drug delivery methods.

Question 17

Where does first pass metabolism happen?

Answer 17

gut lumen, gut wall, liver.

Question 18

What are the benefits of IV?

Answer 18

100% bioavailability, bypasses First pass metabolism.

Question 19

What are the benefits of Topical medicine?

Answer 19

Can have local/systematic effects, controlled dose, bypasses first pass metabolism.

Question 20

What are the benefits of inhalating medication?

Answer 20

Drug delivered straight to sight of action, only need a small dose, rapid. Little systematic effects, so less adverse reactions.

Question 21

What is bioavailability?

Answer 21

The amount of drug that reaches circulation and is available for action.

Question 22

What affects bioavailability?

Answer 22

Ability to pass through membrane, GI effects, first pass mechanisms.

Question 23

What is the ultimate aim of drug delivery ?

Answer 23

To deliver drug therapy without toxicity.

Question 24

Does rectal administration bypass first pass metabolism?

Answer 24

Yes.

Question 25

What is time to peak concentration called?

Answer 25

t max

Question 26

What is the peak concentration called?

Answer 26

c max.

Question 27

What is the area under the drug-concentration time curve called? What does it mean?

Answer 27

AUC. - it represents the amount of drug that goes into the systematic circulation .

Question 28

How does increasing the dose of medication affect the t max and the c max?

Answer 28

t max - does not change

c max - increases

Question 29

Is passive diffusion of drugs more common, or active?

Answer 29

Passive.

Question 30

Does intramuscular drug administration avoid the first pass mechanism?

Answer 30

Yes.

Question 31

What is sublingual absorption from the buccal mucosa?

Answer 31

Absorption through the mouth, for example, when places under the tongue. /under the lining of the cheek.