Adverse Drug reactions Flashcards
Discuss the frequency of ADRS.
they are the 4th leading cause of death, and cost around £2 billion a year.
Describe the classification of onset. (examples)
acute - within 1 hour - bronco constriction
sub -acute 1hour-24 hours - rash or serum sickness
latent - >2 days - eczematous eruption
Describe the classification of severity.
mild - slight bother, no need for change in therapy
moderate - needs change in therapy and maybe hospital/extra treatment
severe - disabling or life threatening
Name the classification of ADR - ABCDEF
Augmented Bizarre Chronic Delayed End of Treatment Failure of Treatment
what are some reasons for augmented ADR?
dose related excess pharmacological action Pharmokinetic variation Pharmacogenetics variation Disease
How can augmented ADR be stopped?
reduce / stop the drug
Give two examples of augmented ADRs?
bradycardia with beta blockers
hypoglaecemia with insulin
what are some features of bizarre ADRs?
unpredictable. unidentifiable. could be due to immunological reasons, or genetic reasons. could present as rash. commonly due to macromolecules and in people who have a history of asthma and exma
What is chronic ADR related too?
duration of treatment.
give two examples of chronic ADR?
steroid induced osteoporosis
opiate defincencie
Give two examples of delayed ADR?
craniofacial malformation in children of treated patients
Cancer after immunosuppressant / akylating agents.
Give 3 examples of End of treatment ADRS?
unstable angina / MI after beta blockers are stopped.
withdrawal seizures after anti-epileptics are stopped.
Rebound Pneumonia when drug is suddenly stopped (alcohol, beta blockers)
What is failure of therapy related too?
dose
How can you diagnose ADR?
medical history
relationship between symptoms, doses, times etc
lab test
How do you report ADR?
Yellow card scheme - all significant or adverse reaction must be reported
