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P O D Taz > Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - Antivirals > Flashcards

Antimicrobial Chemotherapy - Antivirals Flashcards

1
Q

How do almost all anti-herpes drugs work? (Except foscarnet and cidofovir)

A

Nucleoside analogue - they interfere with nucleic acid synthesis

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2
Q

What does aciclovir work against?

A

HSV and VZV

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3
Q

What do famciclovir and valaciclovir work against?

A

HSV and shingles

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4
Q

What do ganciclovir and valganciclovir work against?

A

CMV - cytomegalovirus

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5
Q

What does foscarnet treat?

A

HSV, VZV and CMV when they are resistant to nucleoside analogue

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6
Q

What does cidofovir treat?

A

CMV retinitis

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7
Q

What must occur for aciclovir to work?

A

It must be converted to the active form by an enzyme coded for by the virus genome

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8
Q

How is aciclovir delivered?

A

IV for severe infection (HSV AND VZV)

For HSV - orally or topically

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9
Q

What are famciclovir and valaciclovir like? And how are they are administered?

A

They are like aciclovir but have a better bio availability - orally

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10
Q

What is ganciclovir used for? (Specific )

A

Treat life or sight threatening infection in the immunocompromised

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11
Q

What is VaLganciclovir a pro-drug off and how is it taken instead?

A

Pro drug off ganciclovir and an oral alternative for some CMV Situations (e.g treatment of prophylaxis)

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12
Q

when would cidofovir be used ?

A

when other anti-viral drugs are inappropriate.

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13
Q

What kind of drug is the anti-HIV drug zidovudine? (also known as AZT or ZDV)

A

nucleoside analogue

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14
Q

Tell us a bit about zidovudine and how it works.

A

Combination therapy - new normal practice for treatment. The different drugs act on different stages of replication.
This drug interferes with the action of reverse transcriptase.
It slows the virus down.

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15
Q

How does the anti- HIV Nevirapine work? and what is it used in combination with?

A

it is an non-nucleuosidic reverse transcriptase inhibitor. It is often used with zidovudine.

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16
Q

Which anti-herpes drugs cause bone marrow toxicity so must be closely monitored blood count ?

A

ganciclovir and valganciclovir

17
Q

When may aciclovir cause neurological toxicity?

A

When renal impairment occurs

18
Q

How is foscarnet toxic?

A

It is highly nephrotoxic

19
Q

What are some side effects of zidovudine?

A

anaemia and neutropenia. It is significantly toxic.

20
Q

Is nevirapine toxic?

A

highly toxic

21
Q

Name a protease inhibitor anti-HIV drug.

A

Saquinavir

22
Q

What can saquinavir be used with?

A

zidovudine

23
Q

Is saquinavir toxic?

A

It is highly toxic

24
Q

how does interferon a work?

A

it is a part of the host’s immune response that has been genetically altered.

25
Q

what does interferon a work on?

A

selected chronic hep b and hep c infections.

26
Q

give some details on interferon a.

A

They become pegylated - attach to PEG.
They have slow excretion and treatment frequency is reduced to once a week.
They are supplied subcutaneously .

27
Q

why are interferon a not used much?

A

serious side effects
low response rate
high cost of treatment

28
Q

What is interferon a combined with for a common treatment for chronic hep c?

A

ribeflavin

29
Q

what is ribavavin used for?

A

chronic hep C. or serious RSV infection.

30
Q

how is ribavavin used with and how is it applied?

A

orally - daily.

used with interferon a

31
Q

what is the name a nucleoside analogue treatment that is used to treat HIV and Hep B?

A

lamivudine.

32
Q

How is lamivudine administered?

A

orally

33
Q

Name two drugs that can be used to treat influenza a and b ?

A

Zanamavir and Oseltamivir.

34
Q

When should the two drugs used to treat influenza a and b be used?

A

within 48 hours of onset of symptoms and also post - exposure prophylaxis

35
Q

Name a nucleoside analogue that treats the occasional severe RSV infections and chronic Hep C

A

Ribavarin

36
Q

How is ribavarin administered?

A

Inhalation - quite hard as it is a fine spray and must reach the site of infection.

37
Q

What does ribavarin reduce mortality in?

A

Lassa Fever

P O D Taz (47 decks)

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