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PA30245 Infection and Immunity > Tuberculosis > Flashcards

Tuberculosis Flashcards

1
Q

What organism is tuberculosis caused by?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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2
Q

What kind of bacteria is mycobacterium tuberculosis?

A

Acid fast bacteria
Cell wall rich in lipids
V.hydrophobic, resistant to drying and weak disinfectants

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3
Q

Name the 4 organisms causing M.tuberculosis complex

A

M.tuberculosis
M.bovis
M.africanum
M.microti

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4
Q

What is first inhaled in primary tuberculosis?

A

Bacilli

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5
Q

Macrophages do not destroy what in primary tuberculosis?

A

Bacilli

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6
Q

Where does M.TB multiply and for how long?

A

inside macrophages for 7-21 days

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7
Q

What happens after a cell mediated response is initiated in primary tuberculosis?

A

Tubercules form

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of TB?

A 
Cough
Afternoon fever
Weight loss
Blood stained sputum
Night sweats
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9
Q

How can active TB be diagnosed?

A

Clinical examination
Chest x-ray
Sputum test; smear and/or cultures

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10
Q

How can you diagnose latent TB?

A

Tuberculin skin test

Molecular assays

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11
Q

What would count as a positive skin lesion for tuberculin skin test?

A

Skin lesion >10mm diameter after 48-72hr

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12
Q

What vaccine is used to prevent TB?

A

BCG vaccine

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13
Q

What are the first line anti-TB drugs?

A

Rifampicin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol

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14
Q

What are the side effects of rifampicin?

A

Liver damage
Hypersensitivity
Decrease activity of other drugs.
Red colour in body fluids

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15
Q

How is rifampicin administered?

A

IV, IM or oral

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16
Q

What are the side effects of rifampicin?

A

Hpersensitivity
Peripheral neuropathy
Liver toxicity
Decrease efficacy of hormonal birth control

17
Q

How is pyrazinamide administered?

A

Orally

18
Q

What are the side effects of pyrazinamide?

A

Joint pain
Liver damage
Hypersensitivity

19
Q

How is ethambutol administered?

A

Orally

20
Q

What are the side effects of ethambutol?

A

Optic neutitis:reversible

Joint pain

21
Q

What is the site of action of isoniazid?

A

Inhibits cell wall synthesis

22
Q

What is the site of action of of ethambutol?

A

Inhibits cell wal synthesis

23
Q

What is the site of action of rifampicin?

A

Inhibits RNA synthesis

24
Q

What is the site of action of pyrazinamide?

A

Disrupts plamsma membrane
Disrupts energy metabolism
??

25
Q

What are the 2nd line anti-TB drugs?

A 
Streptomycin
Capreomycin
Cycloserine
Ciprofloxacin
Azithromycin
26
Q

What is the treatment of active TB?

A

Rifampicin & isoniazid for 6-9 months.

Pyrazinamide for 2 monhts & ethambutol

27
Q

What is the treatment of latent TB?

A

Isoniazid 6 months
OR
Rifampicin & isoniazid 3 months

PA30245 Infection and Immunity (30 decks)

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