Atherosclerosis 3

Question 1

What does ezetimibe target?

Answer 1

Niemann pick C1 like protein

Question 2

What do statins target?

Answer 2

HMG-CoA Reductase

Question 3

What does evolcumab target?

Answer 3

LDL receptor

Question 4

What do fibrates target?

Answer 4

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 5

What is lipoprotein a?

Answer 5

A cholesterol rich LDL particle with one molecule of apolipoprotein B100 and an additional protein, apolipoprotein(a) attached via a disulphide bond

Question 6

An increased or decreased level of lipoprotein a is considered a risk factor to CV disease?

Answer 6

Increased

Question 7

What effect does lipoprotein a have?

Answer 7

Prothrombotic/ anti-fibrinolytic effects as apoolipoprotein a has structual homology with plasminogen and plasmin but no fibrinolytic activity.
Accelerated atherogenesis due to intimal deposition of Lp(a) cholesterol.

Question 8

What does familial hypercholestolemia target?

Answer 8

LDL receptor

Question 9

What does Tangier disease target?

Answer 9

ATP binding cassette transporter (ABC)

Question 10

What is tangier disease?

Answer 10

Familial high density lipoprotein deficiency

Question 11

What are the clinical symptoms of tangiers disease?

Answer 11

Hyperplastic orange-yellow tonsils.
Enlarged lymphoid tissue.
Hepatoplenomegaly.
Neuropathy.
Corneal opacities.
Premature mycardial infarction

Question 12

What is tangiers disease linked with?

Answer 12

Mutations found in ABCA1 on chromosome 9q31 located

Question 13

What is ABCA1 responsible for?

Answer 13

Transport of array of molecules including cholesterol

Question 14

In normal cells, what does ABCA1 do?

Answer 14

Transports cholesterol out of the cell, combines with lipid-poor apo-A1 to form HDL.

Question 15

What does a mutation in ABCA1 cause?

Answer 15

Cholesterol to accumulate in the cell

Question 16

How many people have familial hypercholesterolemia?

Answer 16

1 in 250

Question 17

What are most cases of familial hypercholestrolemia caused by?

Answer 17

Mutations in the LDL receptor

Question 18

What are the symptoms of familial hypercholestrolemia?

Answer 18

Elevated LDL
Cholesterol deposit in tissues
Nodules of cholesterol in skin
Arcus corneae before 45
Arthropathies

Question 19

What counts as elevated LDL?

Answer 19

190mg/dl to over 450mg/dl

Question 20

What is the treatment for familial hypercholestrolemia?

Answer 20

Statins and other LDL lowering approaches.
Lipoprotein apheresis
Liver transplantation