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PA30245 Infection and Immunity > Proteases ROS and nitrogen species > Flashcards

Proteases ROS and nitrogen species Flashcards

1
Q

What is cartilage?

A

Connective tissue made up of cells and extracellular matrix

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2
Q

What is cartilage made by?

A

Chondrocytes

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3
Q

What is joint cartilage mainly comprised of?

A

Fibrous protein-collagen.

Proteoglycan

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4
Q

What do osteoclasts do?

A

Activated by cytokines and break down bone

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5
Q

What do osteoblasts do?

A

Make bone

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6
Q

In RA what happens to proteoglycans?

A

Lost rapidly

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7
Q

In RA do proteoglycans have an open or closed structure?

A

Open

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8
Q

In RA what are proeoglycans sensitive to breakdown by?

A

Several proteinases

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9
Q

In RA is collagen lost more slowly or quickly that proteoglycan?

A

More slowly

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10
Q

In RA what is native collagen susceptible to?

A

Collagenases

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11
Q

What is a matrix metalloproteinase?

A

Proteolytic enzyme

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12
Q

What do matrix metalloproteinase break down?

A

Collagen

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13
Q

What pH is matrix metalloproteinase active at?

A

neutral pH

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14
Q

Wha do matrix metalloproteinase require?

A

Zn2+

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15
Q

What are matrix metalloproteinase inhibited by?

A

Endoenous tissue inhibitors of metallo-proteinases (TIMPs)

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16
Q

What are the 2 ends of matrix metalloproteinase called?

A

Propeptide

C terminal

17
Q

What are matrix metalloproteinases activated by?

A

Removal of propeptide by other proteases

Chemical modification of propeptide by RONS

18
Q

What is the c terminus of matrix metalloproteinase important for?

A

Substrate specificity and regulation

19
Q

The active site of matrix metalloproteinase is targeted by what?

A

Hydroxamate series of MMP inhibitos (marimastat)

20
Q

What are two examples of synthetic MMP inhibitors?

A

Marimastat

Prinomastat

21
Q

What 3 other approaches are there to inhibiting MMPs?

A

Tetracycline derivatives
Antibody based therapeutics
Endogenous inhibitors of MMPs

22
Q

What pH are serine and cysteine proteinases active at?

A

Neutral pH

23
Q

What to serine and cysteine proteinases break down?

A

Elastin
Laminin
Chondroitin sulfate & proteoglycans

24
Q

serine and cysteine proteinases are endogenously inhibited by what?

A

serpins

25
Q

Serpins are readily inactivated by what?

A

Oxidation

26
Q

How are RONS produced?

A

By infiltrating leukocytes and tissue resident cells

27
Q

Rheumatoid synovial tissue undergoes cycles of what?

A

Hypoxia and reperfusion

28
Q

Leukocytes phagocytose what?

A

Bacteria
Yeast
Immune complexes
Damaged tissue

29
Q

What are the 5 effects of RONs?

A 
Activation of inflammatory gene transcription
Amino acid modifications
Matrix modifications
DNA damage
Cell apoptosis and necrosis

PA30245 Infection and Immunity (30 decks)

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