Hepatitis Flashcards
Hepatic cell plates are made from what?
Hepatocytes
Between hepatocytes are what?
Bile canaliculi that empty into the bile duct
What is hepatitis?
Inflammation of the liver
What can hepatitis result from?
Viral infection or liver damage
What family does hep c belong to
Flaviviridae
Hep C envelope displays how many surface glycoproteins?
2 (E1 and E2)
What do E1 and E2 do?
Mediate binding and entry into target cells
How does hep C enter cells?
Binds to specific receptors on the surface of hepatocytes in liver, lateral movement towards tight junctions and internalised via clatherin-coated endosomes
HCV lipoviral particles attach to what expressed at the plasma membrane?
HSPGs, LDLRs and SRB1
What is CD81?
A membrane HCV co-receptor that binds to E2 glycoproteins on the viral particle
What does claudin 1 do?
Interacts with CD81
What are the steps in HCV infection?
- HCV attaches (HSPGs, LDLR, SRB1)
- Lateral movement and CLDN1-CD81 interaction
- Internalisation (clathirin mediated endocytosis)
HCV produces what?
A polyprotein that is processed by viral and cellular proteases into 10 gene products
What is the polypeptide cleaved by?
Viral and cellular proteases
Where does translation of proteins occur?
rough endoplasmic reticulum
What is the core?
Forms nucleocapsid
What are E1 and E2?
Envelope glycoproteins
What is P7?
Member of a viroporin family of ion channels
What is NS2?
cysteine-protease
What is NS3?
Serine-type protease that is activated by stable interactions with NS4A
What is NS4B?
Important in rearrange of host cell membranes
What is NS5A?
Phosphoprotein, RNA replication
What is NS5B?
RNA dependent RNA polymerase
What is a HCV-induced membranous web?
A cluster of single and double membrane vesicles as well as multi-vesicular bodies, also contains lipid rich droplets
RNA synthesis is catalysed by what?
Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerise activity of NS5B
What family does HBV belong to?
Hepadnaviridae
HBV dsDNA or ssRNA?
dsDNA
How is HBV transmitted?
Through contact with bloo or other bodily fluids of an infected person
What is alcoholic hepatitis associated with?
Oxidative stress, inflammation of the liver, translocation of bacterial products from the gut microbiota into the portal blood stream
Where is ethanol primarily metabolised?
Liver
Ethanol metabolism leads to build up of what?
NADH and acetaldehyde (destructive to cells)
What reacts with DNA to result in tissue injury?
Acetaldehyde
What are kupffer cells?
Specialised macrophages located in the liver
What do gut derived endotoxins activate kupffer cells to induce?
An inflammatory response including TNF and IL production
LPS activation of kupffer cells leads to activation of what?
Enzyme NADPH oxidase leading to ROS formation
