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PA30245 Infection and Immunity > Invasive fungal infections > Flashcards

Invasive fungal infections Flashcards

1
Q

What is septic shock?

A

Sepsis induced hypotension persisting despite adequate fluid resiscitation

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2
Q

Who gets serious fingal infections?

A 
Neutropenic patients.
ITU patients.
Central IV catheters.
HIV/AIDS.
Organ transplant
Long course corticosteroids
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3
Q

What gives guiding evidence on fungal infections?

A

European oragnisation for resaerch and treatment of invasice fungal infections.
IDSA
ESCMID
BCSH

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4
Q

What are the main causative organisms of fungal infections?

A

Candida
Aspergillus
Cryptococcus
Histoplasma

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5
Q

What is candida?

A

A yeast

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6
Q

What is aspergilus?

A

A mould

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7
Q

What does aspergillus tend to cause?

A

Pulmonary infection

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8
Q

What is aspergilloma?

A

Fungal ball

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9
Q

What are the complications of invasive pulmonary aspergillpsis?

A

Raging pneumonia
Dissemination to CNS
Local invasion into heart/vessels

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10
Q

What is cryptococcus?

A

A yeast

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11
Q

What types of infection does cryptococcus cause?

A

Pulmonary

Invasive CNS disease

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12
Q

What types of infection to histoplasma cause?

A

Pulmonary disease

Further dissemination

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13
Q

Name some diagnostic indicators (host) of fungal infection

A 
Neutropenia
Fever unresponsive to broad spec Abx
Use of immunosuppressants
HIV/AIDS
Recent prolonged corticosteroids
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14
Q

Name some indirect fungal tests

A

Galactomannan antigen detected in sample.

Beta-D-glucan detected in serum

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15
Q

Name some triazole antifungals

A

Fluconazole
Itraconazole
Posaconazole
Voriconazole

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16
Q

What is the mechanism of action of triazoles?

A

Decreased ergosterol production through inhibition of fungal CYP450 enzymes

17
Q

What are the side effects of triazole antifungals?

A

Hepatic derangemnt

QT prolongation

18
Q

What is fluconazole active against?

A

Most candida

19
Q

Voriconazole has good or bad CNS penetration?

A

Good

20
Q

What is the mechanism of action of amphoterocin?

A

Binds ergosterol in fungal cell mrmbrane, creates pores, increasing permeability

21
Q

Is amphotericin broad or narrow spectrum?

A

Broad

22
Q

What are the side effects of amphotericin?

A 
Renal toxicity
Electrolyte disturbances
Infusion reactions
Cardiotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity
23
Q

What antifungal do you need to have a crash trolley ready for when administering?

A

Amphotericin

24
Q

What is the mechanism of action of flucytosine?

A

Converted to 5-FU intracelularuly.

Bone marrow suppression.

25
Q

What antifungal should be used for most simple infections where candida confirmed?

A

Fluconazole

26
Q

What antifungal should be used for serious infections?

A

Lipid-formulation amphoterocin or echinicandin

27
Q

What antifungal should be used for CNS infections?

A

Voriconazole

PA30245 Infection and Immunity (30 decks)

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