Asthma

Question 1

What is asthma?

Answer 1

Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways

Question 2

Name some smooth muscle growth regulators

Answer 2

Mitogens

• platelet dervied growth factor
• endothelin
• cytokines
• histamine

Modulators

• heparin
• NO
• Prostaglandin E2

Question 3

Ach and eNANC stimulate what?

Answer 3

GPCR (leading to elevation of intracellular free calcium)

Question 4

M3 receptor is couples to GI, Gs or Gq?

Answer 4

Gq-PLC

Question 5

M3 receptor stimulation causes what?

Answer 5

Contraction

Question 6

M3-Gq-PLC-__-Ca2+-MLCK-___

Answer 6

IP3

Contraction

Question 7

Muscarinic antagonists aren’t commonly used in mild/moderate asthma, true or false?

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Neuronal Ach release is inhibited by what?

Answer 8

M2 receptor feedback

Question 9

Parasympathetic nerve releases what?

Answer 9

ACh

Question 10

Loss of M2 feedback could lead to what?

Answer 10

Enhanced airway contraction

Question 11

What are the 3 mechanisms of hyperresponsiveness in asthma?

Answer 11

Increased smooth muscle contractility.
Increases excitory nerve activity.
Decreased bronchodilator activity.

Question 12

What mechanism does adrenaline use to be a bronchodilator?

Answer 12

Acts on B-adrenoceptors on airway smooth muscle

Question 13

Name two dilator neuropeptides

Answer 13

CGRP

VIP

Question 14

What do CGRP and VIP both activate?

Answer 14

AC

Question 15

What does neuronally derived NO act on?

Answer 15

Soluble guanylate cyclase

Question 16

B2-Gas-AC-cAMP-PKA=?

Answer 16

Open K+ channels
Inactivates MLCK
Calcium sequesteration

Question 17

What is isoprenaline?

Answer 17

Non-selective B agonist

Question 18

What is salbutamol?

Answer 18

Short acting selective B2 agonist

Question 19

What is formoterol?

Answer 19

Long acting B agonist

Question 20

Which is most lipophilic out of salmeterol, formeterol and salbutamol?

Answer 20

Salmeterol

Question 21

How does formeterol work?

Answer 21

Forms depot in lipid membrane and leaches out to interact with receptor

Question 22

How does solmeterol work?

Answer 22

Interacts with the membrane and diffuses laterally to bind receptor

Question 23

What do beta agonists inhibit?

Answer 23

Contraction of airway smooth muscle

Question 24

What is theophylline?

Answer 24

PDE inhibitor

Question 25

What does PDE do?

Answer 25

Inactivates cAMP

Question 26

What does inhbition of PDE do?

Answer 26

Leads to increased cAMP which causes bronchodilation

Question 27

What causes excitatory airway tone?

Answer 27

ACh(M3 receptors)

eNANC

Question 28

What causes inhibitory airway tone?

Answer 28

Adrenaline
iNANC
NO
Ach (M2 receptors)