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Clinical Parasitology Lec > TREMATODES (DIOECIOUS FLUKES) > Flashcards

TREMATODES (DIOECIOUS FLUKES) Flashcards

1
Q
  • Oriental blood fluke
A

Schistosoma japonicum

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2
Q
  • Visceral blood fluke
A

Schistosoma japonicum

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3
Q
  • Vesical blood fluke
A

Schistosoma haematobium

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4
Q
  • Bladder fluke
A

Schistosoma haematobium

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5
Q

Manson’s blood fluke

A

Schistosoma mansoni

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6
Q

Superior mesenteric veins

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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7
Q

Veins of the urinary bladder

A

Schistosoma haematobium

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8
Q

Inferior mesenteric veins

A

Schistosoma mansoni

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9
Q

China, Japan, Indonesia, Thailand, Cambodia, Philippines

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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10
Q

Intermediate hosts: Snails
- Oncomelania quadrasi (Philippines)
- Oncomelania nocophara (Japan)
- Oncomelania formosana (Taiwan)

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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11
Q

Intermediate hosts: Snails
- Biomphalaria (Africa)
- Bulimus (Middle east)

A

Schistosoma haematobium

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12
Q

Intermediate hosts:
- Biomphalaria (Africa)
- Tropicorbis (South America)
- Austrolarbis

A

Schistosoma mansoni

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13
Q

Ova/Eggs ➢ Measuring about 50-85 um by 38-60 um;

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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14
Q

Ova/Eggs ➢ Oval to sub-spherical with minute lateral spines/knob

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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15
Q

✓ Females ➢ More delicate than males

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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16
Q

✓ Females ➢ Longer and slender

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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17
Q

✓ Females ➢ With pyramid ovary located at the center of the body (containing 50-100 eggs)

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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18
Q

✓ Males ➢ shorter but sturdier; measuring about 12-20 mm by 0.4-0.5 mm

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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19
Q

✓ Males ➢ with 7 ovoidal testes arranged in single row behind acetabulum

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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20
Q

✓ Males ➢ union of ceca and testes is posterior to the middle half of the body

A

Schistosoma japonicum

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21
Q

Ova/Eggs ➢ Ellipsoidal with prominent terminal spines measuring about 110-170 um by 38-70 um

A

Schistosoma haematobium

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22
Q

Adult ➢ The ovary is located at the posterior to middle of the body containing 20-30 eggs

A

Schistosoma haematobium

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23
Q

Ova/Eggs ➢ Ellipsoidal with prominent lateral spines

A

Schistosoma mansoni

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24
Q

Ova/Eggs ➢ Measures 112-182 um by 40-75 um

A

Schistosoma mansoni

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25
Q

Ova/Eggs ➢ Appear in the feces 30-40 days after infection

A

Schistosoma mansoni

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26
Q

✓ Females➢ Considered as the smallest schistosome

A

Schistosoma mansoni

27
Q

✓ Females ➢ Ovary is at the anterior to the middle half of the body containing 1-4 eggs

A

Schistosoma mansoni

28
Q

✓ Males ➢ Union of ceca is at the middle half of the body containing 8-9 testes

A

Schistosoma mansoni

29
Q
  • Katayama disease
A

Schistosoma japonicum

30
Q
  • Oriental schistosomiasis/Visceral schistosomiasis
A

Schistosoma japonicum

31
Q
  • Vesical/Urinary schistosomiasis
A

Schistosoma haematobium

32
Q
  • Schistosoma hematuria
A

Schistosoma haematobium

33
Q
  • Intestinal Bilharziasis
A

Schistosoma mansoni

34
Q
  • Schistosomal dysentery
A

Schistosoma mansoni

35
Q

There are three (3) progressive stages in the pathologic processes of Schistosomiasis:

A
  1. Pre-patent/Developmental stage
  2. Acute stage
  3. Chronic stage
36
Q

➢ Starts from the penetration of the skin to the arrival of the mature worm to the venules of the intestines or urinary bladder where female adults are ready to oviposit

A
  1. Pre-patent/Developmental stage
37
Q

✓ Negligible to mild cutaneous lesions at the side of cervical entry

A
  1. Pre-patent/Developmental stage
38
Q

✓ Tissue reactions to the immature worms inside and outside the blood vessels

A
  1. Pre-patent/Developmental stage
39
Q

✓ Some associated toxic and allergic reactions

A
  1. Pre-patent/Developmental stage
40
Q

:➢ There is active egg deposition and extrusion

A
  1. Acute stage
41
Q

➢ Symptoms include: Loss of weight and relapse of pain

A
  1. Acute stage
42
Q

➢ Stable egg output and tissue proliferation

A
  1. Chronic stage
43
Q

➢ Invasion of the tissues by the migrating larva

A
  1. Chronic stage
44
Q

✓ Petechial hemorrhage

A
  1. Chronic stage
45
Q

✓ Small foci of eosinophilic and neutrophilic infiltration in the lungs with cough and hemoptysis

A
  1. Chronic stage
46
Q

✓ Acute inflammation reactions in the liver with fever and urticaria

A
  1. Chronic stage
47
Q
  1. Demonstration of eggs in stool sample is diagnostic of Schistosomiasis
A
48
Q
  1. Concentration techniques – useful in chronic and light infections
A
49
Q
  1. Liver biopsy/Proctoscopic aspiration
A
50
Q

➢ Demonstration of eggs in feces

A
  1. Diagnosis of S. japonicum and S. mansoni
51
Q

➢ Rectal biopsy

A
  1. Diagnosis of S. japonicum and S. mansoni
52
Q

➢ Demonstration of eggs in urine or recovery of eggs through bladder biopsy

A
  1. Diagnosis of Urinary schistosomiasis
53
Q

➢ Accompanied with dysuria and hematuria

A
  1. Diagnosis of Urinary schistosomiasis
54
Q
  1. Immunodiagnostic Tests:
A

a. COPT (Circumoval Precipitin Test)
b. ELISA – highly sensitive test

55
Q

➢ Principle: it is based on patient serum precipitation with lyophilized eggs identified under microscope

A
56
Q

➢ Uses lyophilized eggs to detect antibodies in patient serum

A
57
Q

➢ Gold standard test for diagnosis of Schistosomiasis

A
58
Q

➢ Method of choice and is routinely used in the Philippines as diagnostic test for schistosomiasis

A
59
Q

➢ DISADVANTAGE: Cross-reactivity with other helminths (affects specificity)

A
60
Q

➢ Procedure:
a. One drop (?) of the suspension containing larvae, eggs, or immature adults are put into the well of a slide and 3 drops (?) of serum is added
b. A [?] is placed over the well
c. Incubated at [?]
d. After incubation, the slide is examined under the [?]
e. Positive result: appearance of [?] attached to the worms or eggs

A

0.025 mL; 0.075 mL

cover slip

34°C for 24 hours

microscope

precipitates/bleb formation

61
Q

Prevention and Control

A

✓ Snail control
✓ Sanitary disposal of human excreta
✓ Treatment of infected individual

62
Q

Treatment

A

✓ Praziquantel
✓ Oxamniquine
✓ Metrifonate
✓ Niridazole

63
Q

The schistosomes of man are similar in their basic [?]and in their pathologic effects on mammalian host tissues, yet they differ in [?] of the adults, the [?] of their eggs and larvae, in the groups of snails that they utilize as an [?], and in [?].

A

life cycles

morphology

shape

intermediate host

host susceptibility

64
Q

The most significant species of Schistosoma that causes disease to humans are

A

S. japonicum, S. mansoni, and S. haematobium

Clinical Parasitology Lec (21 decks)

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