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Clinical Parasitology Lec > BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMATODES > Flashcards

BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMATODES Flashcards

1
Q

BLOOD AND TISSUE NEMATODES aka

A

Filarial worms

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2
Q

• Infective stage to man:

A

filariform/filiform/3rd stage microfilariae

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3
Q

• Infective stage to vector:

A

microfilariae (adult worm lays eggs in the circulation; ingested by mosquito)

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4
Q

• Pathogenic stage to man:

A

adult worm (pain is felt; disease occurrence)

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5
Q

Diagnostic stages

A

Microfilariae: blood
Adult larvae: lymphatics

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6
Q

MOT

A

Arthropod transmitted/mosquito-borne parasites

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7
Q
  • threadlike, creamy, white, varies in length (2-50 cm)
A
  1. Adult
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8
Q
  • snake-like with a column of cells in the anterior to the posterior portion (develops in the vector)
A
  1. larval stage
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9
Q

-pre-larval stage, embryos produced by filarial worms usually found in the blood or tissues of patients with filariasis, highly motile and threadlike

A
  1. Microfilaria
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10
Q

Location of Microfilariae in man:

A

peripheral blood and lymph spaces of the skin

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11
Q

a thin, translucent egg shell remnant covering the body of the microfilaria and past the head and tail

A

Sheath

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12
Q

SHEATHED Microfilariae

A
  1. Wuchereria bancrofti
  2. Brugia malayi
  3. Loa loa
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13
Q

UNSHEATHED Microfilariae

A
  1. Onchocerca volvulus
  2. Dipetalonema perstans/Mansonella perstans
  3. Dipetalonema streptocerca/Mansonella streptocerca
  4. Mansonella ozzardi
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14
Q

rhythmical appearance of microfilariae in the peripheral blood; maximum biting activity of the vector/active/helps in the PBS

A

Periodicity

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15
Q

Periodicity Types:

A
  1. Periodic
  2. Subperiodic
  3. Non-periodic
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16
Q
  1. Periodic:
    ➢ Nocturnal –
    ➢ Diurnal –
A

10pm to 2am

10am to 2pm

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17
Q
  1. Subperiodic:
    ➢ Nocturnally –
    ➢ Diurnally –
A

peak count during night time

peak count during day time

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18
Q
  1. Non-periodic:
A

during night time and day time

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19
Q

Disease caused by

A

Lymphatic Filariasis

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20
Q

: swelling in the scrotum that occurs when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle.

A

a) Hydrocele

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21
Q

: swelling that generally occurs in one of the arms or legs

A

b) Lymphedema/Lymphangitis

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22
Q

: condition characterized by gross enlargement of an area of the body, especially the limbs

A

c) Elephantiasis

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23
Q

: rare condition in which lymphatic fluid leaks into the kidneys and turns the urine milky white

A

d) Chyluria

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24
Q

✓ Asymptomatic microfilaremia
✓ Lymphangitis (inflammation) and lymphadenitis (enlargement)
✓ Orchitis (inflammation of testicle) and epididymitis; hydrocoele (swelling of scrotum)
✓ Elephantiasis
✓ Tropical pulmonary eosinophilia & allergic reaction (microfilariae)
✓ Chyluria (milky white urine)

A
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25
Q

Laboratory Diagnosis for Filariae

A
  1. Microscopic Examination
  2. Capillary tube method
  3. Immunoassay
  4. Identification of adult worms
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26
Q

• Stains:

A

Wrights; Giemsa; Delafield Hematoxylin

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27
Q

• Negative results:

A

low intensity of infection; dead worms; obstructed lymphatics

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28
Q

provocative tests 3mg/kg single dose)- stimulates microfilariae to come out to the peripheral circulation

A

DEC (Diethylcarbamazine)

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29
Q

➢ 1 ml WB + 10 ml 2% formalin

A

KNOTT’S method

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30
Q

➢ Centrifuge at 500 x for 10 minutes

A

KNOTT’S method

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31
Q

➢ Sediment- thick and thin smears: Microfilariae & WBCs

A

KNOTT’S method

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32
Q

➢ Centrifugation of the blood sample lyzed in 2% formalin

A

KNOTT’S method

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33
Q

➢ 1 ml of fresh or anticoagulated blood is drawn up into a syring

A

c) Filtration: Nucleopore or Millipore membrane (5 µm pore)

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34
Q

➢ Lyze by adding 10 ml distilled water then pass through the Swinney filter membrane

A

c) Filtration: Nucleopore or Millipore membrane (5 µm pore)

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35
Q

➢ Examine filter membrane

A

c) Filtration: Nucleopore or Millipore membrane (5 µm pore)

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36
Q

➢ Use corneal-scleral punch, or a scalpel and needle

A

Skin snips: microfilariae of O.volvulus and M. streptocerca

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37
Q

➢ Incubate sample for 30 minutes to 2 hours in saline or culture medium then examine for microfilariae that would have migrated from the tissue to the liquid phase of the specimen

A

Skin snips: microfilariae of O.volvulus and M. streptocerca

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38
Q

➢ Use heparinized capillary tube; examine buffy coat layer

A
  1. Capillary tube method
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39
Q

➢ Antigen detection- circulating filarial antigens

A
  1. Immunoassay
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40
Q

➢ Molecular diagnosis using PCR- differentiation of filarial species and stage

A
  1. Immunoassay
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41
Q

➢ Ultrasonography- demonstrate live worms in the lymphatics

A
  1. Identification of adult worms
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42
Q

➢ Contrast lymphangiography & lymphscintigraphy using radiolabeled albumin or dextran

A
  1. Identification of adult worms
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43
Q

➢ Tissue samples collected during nodulectomies (onchocerciasis)

A
  1. Identification of adult worms
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44
Q

➢ Subcutaneous biopsies or worm removal from the eye (loiasis)

A
  1. Identification of adult worms
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45
Q

Prevention
Abaca workers-wear [?]
Use of mosquito repellants and/or mosquito nets; vector control (?)

A

long sleeves shirts

insecticides

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46
Q

Treatment

A
  1. DEC (Diethylcarbamazine)/Hatrazan
  2. Ivermectin (single dose of 200-400 µg/kbw for 12 days)
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47
Q

➢ A filaricidal piperazine derivative that kills both microfilariae and some adult worms of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi

A

DEC (Diethylcarbamazine)/Hatrazan

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48
Q

➢ Periodic mass treatment: Single dose for 6 months

A

DEC (Diethylcarbamazine)/Hatrazan

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49
Q

➢ 6 mg/kg body weight for 12 days (bancroftian filariasis)

A

DEC (Diethylcarbamazine)/Hatrazan

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50
Q

➢ 3 – 6 mg/kg body weight up to a total dose of 36-72 mg/body weight (brugian filariasis)

A

DEC (Diethylcarbamazine)/Hatrazan

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51
Q

( 0.1% DEC or 0.3% DEC for 3-4 month )

A

Use of DEC fortified tablet salt

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52
Q

More effective if used in combination with DEC

A

Ivermectin (single dose of 200-400 µg/kbw for 12 days)

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53
Q

Relief of pain- cool the affected area

A

Ivermectin (single dose of 200-400 µg/kbw for 12 days)

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54
Q

Bancroft’s filarial worm

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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55
Q

Malayan filarial worm

A

Brugia malayi

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56
Q

Eye worm, Loa worm

A

Loa loa

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57
Q

Bancroftian filariasis, elephantiasis of lower extremeties, lymphatics of scrotum; wuchereriasis

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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58
Q

Malayan filariasis, elephantiasis of upper extremeties

A

Brugia malayi

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59
Q

-Loasis, fugitive swelling, calabar

A

Loa loa

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60
Q

-swelling(diameter:5- 10 cm)

A

Loa loa

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61
Q

-migration rate under the skin: 1 inch/2 mins

A

Loa loa

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62
Q

-does not cause blindness

A

Loa loa

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63
Q
  • persists for 4 to 7 days and disappears
A

Loa loa

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64
Q

MALE: 4 cm in length by 0.1 mm

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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65
Q

FEMALE: viviparous, 8- 10 cm in length by 0.2- 0.3 mm

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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66
Q

MALE: 13-23 mm in length

A

Brugia malayi

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67
Q

FEMALE: 43-55 mm

A

Brugia malayi

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68
Q

MALE: 30-34 mm by 0.35 -0.43 mm (35mm)

A

Loa loa

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69
Q

FEMALE: 40-70 mm by 0.5 mm (60 mm)

A

Loa loa

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70
Q

➢ Microfilaria: 300 µm

A

Loa loa

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71
Q

➢ infective larvae: 200 µm

A

Loa loa

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72
Q

MOSQUITO: 6-20 days

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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73
Q

VESSELS OF MAN: 6 mons

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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74
Q

LIFE SPAN: 5 years

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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75
Q

MOSQUITO: 2 weeks

A

Brugia malayi

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76
Q

VESELS: 3-9 mons

A

Brugia malayi

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77
Q

MOSQUITO: 10-12 days

A

Loa loa

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78
Q

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUES: 1 year

A

Loa loa

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79
Q

LIFE SPAN: 1-15 years

A

Loa loa

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80
Q

Lymph vessels and lymph glands (lower)

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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81
Q

Lymph vessels and lymph glands (upper)

A

Brugia malayi

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82
Q

Subcutaneous/Cutaneous and muscular tissues

A

Loa loa

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83
Q

blood

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi
Loa loa

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84
Q

Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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85
Q

Mansonia spp
Anopheles spp

A

Brugia malayi

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86
Q

Chrysops spp (Deer fly /Mango fly)

A

Loa loa

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87
Q

In the Philippines, the province endemic for [?] are: Camarines Norte & Sur, Bohol, Samar, Albay, Leyte, Sorsogon, all provinces in Mindanao, Quezon, Mindoro, Mt. Province, Sulu, Masbate, Palawan, Romblon

A

W. bancrofti

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88
Q

– rural type

A
  • Anopheles minismus var, flavirostris
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89
Q
  • urban type of bancroftian filariasis (both breed in the axils of abaca & banana)
A
  • Aedes poecillus
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90
Q

(in fresh water)

A
  • Mansonia bonnae
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91
Q

(rice fields)

A

-Mansonia uniformis

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92
Q
  • Endemic in the Philippines (Palawan)
A

B. malayi

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93
Q
  • Abaca trees accumulates stagnant water, serving as reservoir/breeding sirte for the vector mosquito
A

B. malayi

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94
Q

Tropics & subtropics

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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95
Q

Eastern & Southwestern Pacific islands, parts of India

A

Brugia malayi

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96
Q

Tropical Africa

A

Loa loa

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97
Q

200-300 µm

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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98
Q

220-250 µm

A

Brugia malayi

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99
Q

250- 300 µm

A

Loa loa

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100
Q

6 µm

A

Brugia malayi

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101
Q

8 µm

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
Loa loa

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102
Q

Stains slightly w/ Giemsa

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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103
Q

Stains deeply w/ Giemsa

A

Brugia malayi

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104
Q

Almost colorless w/Giemsa

A

Loa loa

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105
Q

Regular smoothly curved

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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106
Q

Graceful sweeping

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

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107
Q

Irregular and twisted

A

Brugia malayi

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108
Q

Stiff w/secondary kinks

A

Brugia malayi

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109
Q

Irregular and twisted same as B. malayi

A

Loa loa

110
Q

Small/short (1:1)

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

111
Q

Large/longer (1:2)

A

Brugia malayi

112
Q

Larger/longer (1:2)

A

Loa loa

113
Q

Coarse/well separated

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

114
Q

Coarse, tend to overlap

A

Brugia malayi
Loa loa

115
Q

Coarse tend to overlap

A

Loa loa

116
Q

No nuclei pointed tip

A

Wuchereria bancrofti

117
Q

2 widely spaced nuclei blunt tip

A

Brugia malayi

118
Q

Nuclei present rounded tip

A

Loa loa

119
Q

nocturnal

A

Wuchereria bancrofti
Brugia malayi

120
Q

diurnal

A

Loa loa

121
Q

Blinding worm, convoluted filarial (causes blindness)

A

Onchocerca volvulus

122
Q

Synonyms: Dipetalonema, Acanthocheilonema

A

Mansonella perstans
M. streptocerca

123
Q

Synonyms: Dipetalonema, Acanthocheilonema

A

M. perstans
M. streptocerca

124
Q

Ozzard’s

A

Mansonella ozzzardi

125
Q

Onchocerciasis, onchocercosis, river blindness (blackfly breeds in the river)

A

Onchocerca volvulus

126
Q

Angioedema, Arthralgias, Neurologic; Dipetalonemiasis

A

Mansonella perstans

127
Q

Papular eruptions, Pigmentation

A

Mansonella streptocerca

128
Q

Arthralgia, Adenopathy

A

Mansonella ozzzardi

129
Q

MALE: 19-42 cm by 130-210 µm (smaller)

A

Onchocerca volvulus

130
Q

FEMALE: 50 cm by 270-400 µm

A

Onchocerca volvulus

131
Q

Infective larvae - 500 µm

A

Onchocerca volvulus

132
Q

MALE: 45 mm in length

A

Mansonella perstans

133
Q

FEMALES: 80 mm in length

A

Mansonella perstans

134
Q

FEMALES: 65-81 mm by 0.21- 0.25 mm

A

Mansonella ozzzardi

135
Q

Subcutaneous tissues \

A

Onchocerca volvulus

136
Q

Inside body cavities

A

Mansonella perstans

137
Q

Dermis of skin

A

Mansonella streptocerca

138
Q

Subcutaneous; Inside body cavities, mesentery and visceral fat

A

Mansonella ozzzardi

139
Q

Skin snips

A

Onchocerca volvulus

140
Q

blood

A

Mansonella perstans
Mansonella streptocerca
Mansonella ozzzardi

141
Q

Simulium damnosum (black flies; buffalo fly)

A

Onchocerca volvulus

142
Q

Culicoides spp (night/biting midges)

A

Mansonella perstans
Mansonella streptocerca
Mansonella ozzzardi

143
Q

Found in Africa

A

Mansonella perstans
Mansonella streptocerca

144
Q

Non-periodic

A

Onchocerca volvulus
Mansonella perstans
Mansonella streptocerca
Mansonella ozzzardi

145
Q

East, Central & West Africa; Guatemala, Mexico, Colombia & Venezuela

A

Onchocerca volvulus

146
Q

Tropical Africa & South America

A

Mansonella perstans

147
Q

Tropical Africa

A

Mansonella streptocerca

148
Q

Tropical America

A

Mansonella ozzzardi

149
Q

➢ nodular and erythematous lesions

A

O. volvulus

150
Q

➢ eosinophilia and urticaria (allergy)

A
151
Q

➢ Ocular involvement
Photophobia
lacrimation
blindness

A

O. volvulus

152
Q

DH:

A

Man

153
Q

IS:

A

3rd stage larva

154
Q

IP:

A

10-12 months

155
Q

Diagnostic method:

A

skin snips

156
Q

➢ DEC (diethyl carbamazine)

A

Onchocerca volvulus

157
Q

➢ Destruction of microfilaria produces extreme allergic reaction

A

Onchocerca volvulus

158
Q

➢ vector control

A

Onchocerca volvulus

159
Q

➢ treatment of infected individuals

A

Onchocerca volvulus

160
Q

➢ avoidance of black fly

A

Onchocerca volvulus

161
Q

250-300 µm

A

Onchocerca volvulus

162
Q

150-200 µm

A

Mansonella ozzzardi
M. perstans

163
Q

180-240 µm

A

Mansonella streptocerca

164
Q

150-200 µm

A

Mansonella ozzzardi
M. perstans

165
Q

8 µm

A

Onchocerca volvulus

166
Q

4 µm

A

Mansonella perstans
Mansonella ozzzardi

167
Q

5 µm

A

Mansonella streptocerca

168
Q

Sheath absent

A

Onchocerca volvulus Mansonella perstans Mansonella streptocerca Mansonella ozzzardi

169
Q

Regular slightly twisted

A

Onchocerca volvulus

170
Q

Regular often forms loops

A

Mansonella perstans

171
Q

Tail usually curved

A

Mansonella streptocerca

172
Q

Regular slightly twisted

A

O. volvulus
Mansonella ozzzardi

173
Q

Cephalic space Large and bulbous

A

Onchocerca volvulus

174
Q

Cephalic space Large

A

Mansonella perstans
Mansonella streptocerca
Mansonella ozzzardi

175
Q

Coarse mostly separated

A

Onchocerca volvulus

176
Q

Medium sized tend to overlap

A

Mansonella perstans

177
Q

Fine mostly separated

A

Mansonella streptocerca
M. ozzari

178
Q

Fine mostly separated

A

Mansonella streptocerca
M. ozzari

179
Q

No nuclei pointed tip

A

Onchocerca volvulus
M. ozzardi

180
Q

Nuclei present rounded/blunt tip

A

Mansonella perstans

181
Q

Nuclei present curved tip

A

Mansonella streptocerca

182
Q

No nuclei pointed tip

A

O. volvulus
Mansonella ozzzardi

183
Q

Non periodic

A

Onchocerca volvulus
Mansonella perstans
Mansonella streptocerca
Mansonella ozzzardi

184
Q

Dracunculus medinensis Discoverers

A

Linnaeus and Gallandant

185
Q

Guinea worm; fiery serpent of the Israelites; Medina worm, serpent worm or dragon worm

A

Dracunculus medinensis

186
Q

Infective stage L3 larva (filariform)

A

Dracunculus medinensis

187
Q

Main Habitat cutaneous and subcutaneous tissue

A

Dracunculus medinensis

188
Q

Life span 12-18 months

A

Dracunculus medinensis

189
Q

✓ Females: 50-120 cm long by 0.7 -1.7 mm in diameter

A

Dracunculus medinensis

190
Q

✓ Males: 12-29 by 0.4 mm

A

Dracunculus medinensis

191
Q

Dracunculiasis /Dracontiasis/Dracunculosis

A

Dracunculus medinensis

192
Q

North, West and Central Africa, southwestern Asia, the West Indies and northeastern South America

A

Dracunculus medinensis

193
Q

➢ local blister

A

Dracunculus medinensis

194
Q

➢ outline of the worm under the skin may be revealed by reflected light

A

Dracunculus medinensis

195
Q

➢ Dead calcified worms may be located by Roentgen-ray examination

A

Dracunculus medinensis

196
Q

➢ Visual observation of painful skin blister- outline of worm under the skin is revealed by reflected light; emerging worm

A

Dracunculus medinensis

197
Q

➢ Larvae release may be induced when cold water is applied

A

Dracunculus medinensis

198
Q

➢ Calcified worm may be located by x-ray

A

Dracunculus medinensis

199
Q

➢ Worm lies in a subcutaneous tunnel (marked with induration and edema)

A

Dracunculus medinensis

200
Q

➢ Worm liberates toxin o inflammatory reaction: sterile blister with serous exudation

A

Dracunculus medinensis

201
Q

➢ Contamination of the blister: abscesses, cellulitis, extensive ulceration and necrosis

A

Dracunculus medinensis

202
Q

➢ If worms fail to reach the skin, it dies and either disintegrates or calcifies

A

Dracunculus medinensis

203
Q

➢ Mesenteric tissues- it causes pseudoperitoneal syndromes and allergic manifestations.

A

Dracunculus medinensis

204
Q

➢ Superficial tissues- the worm liberates a toxic substance that produces local inflammatory reactions; blisters appear at any location and rupture of blister favors the escape of larva.

A

Dracunculus medinensis

205
Q

➢ Contamination of ruptured blister causes secondary bacterial infection such as abscesses, cellulitis, extensive ulceration and necrosis

A

Dracunculus medinensis

206
Q

➢ Protection of drinking water (Cyclops and larvae)

A

Dracunculus medinensis

207
Q

➢ Infected individuals must not be allowed to bathe or wade in water used for drinking purposes

A

Dracunculus medinensis

208
Q

➢ Refrain from drinking from suspected water source

A

Dracunculus medinensis

209
Q

➢ Boiling of water.

A

Dracunculus medinensis

210
Q

Provision of piped water or wells

A

Dracunculus medinensis

211
Q

➢extraction of the guinea worm

A

Dracunculus medinensis

212
Q

➢multiple surgical incisions

A

Dracunculus medinensis

213
Q

➢Metronidazole

A

Dracunculus medinensis

214
Q

➢ Mebendazole, niridazole, thiabendazole

A

Dracunculus medinensis

215
Q

➢ Surgical removal of the worm or slow withdrawal from blister by gentle traction and rolling the protruded portion on a stick (few cm per day)

A

Dracunculus medinensis

216
Q

➢ Aspirin for pain and prevent secondary infection

A

Dracunculus medinensis

217
Q

Length: : 2 to 3 centimeters long and are rust-colored

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

218
Q

four rows of hooklets extruding from the surface of the cephalic bulb

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

219
Q

Tiny, cuticular spines run along the length of their bodies

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

220
Q

Two types of papillae extend from the worm–a cervical papilla off the main body and two labial papillae on the cephalic bulb

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

221
Q

Four sac-like openings in the cephalic bulb

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

222
Q

ovular with a mucus plug at one end

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

223
Q

approximately 40 micrometers to 70 micrometers

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

224
Q

may cause a VLM like syndrome (Southeast Asia)

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

225
Q

The larvae may migrate through subcutaneous tissues, causing transient swelling, and to deeper tissues, eventually invading the CNS

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

226
Q

resemble those of hookworms (78-98 µm by 40-50 µm)

A
  1. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP
227
Q

slightly tapered at one end

A
  1. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP
228
Q

Adult females lay eggs in the large intestine of the host that are shed with the feces.

A
  1. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP
229
Q

Once in the environment the eggs release the L1-larvae that complete development to infective L3-larvae in about 5 days by suitable weather (hot and humid), significantly longer by cold weather.

A
  1. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP
230
Q

These infective larvae can survive in the environment and remain infective for up to 6 months.

A
  1. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP
231
Q

small intestines: eggs – larvae-ingestion by DF

A
  1. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP
232
Q

• 1st IH: copepods
• 2nd IH: fish and amphibians

A
  1. GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE
233
Q

eating undercooked or raw freshwater fish, eels, frogs, birds, and reptiles

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

234
Q

contaminated water

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

235
Q

In rare instances, larvae can directly penetrate the skin of individuals who are exposed to contaminated food sources or freshwater.

A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

236
Q

Gnathostomiasis

A

(Gnathostoma spinigerum)

237
Q

food-borne parasitic infection that results from the human ingestion of the thirdstage larvae

A

Gnathostomiasis

238
Q
  • Choko-Fushu Tua chid or chokofishi (Japan)
A

Gnathostomiasis

239
Q
  • consular disease (Nanjing)
A

Gnathostomiasis

240
Q
  • Shanghai rheumatism
A

Gnathostomiasis

241
Q
  • Tau-cheed (Thailand)
A

Gnathostomiasis

242
Q
  • Woodbury bug (Australia)
A

Gnathostomiasis

243
Q
  • Yangtze River edema
A

Gnathostomiasis

244
Q
  • migratory swellings under the skin
A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

245
Q
  • increased levels of eosinophils in the blood
A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

246
Q
  • Rarely, the parasite can enter other tissues such as the liver, and the eye
A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

247
Q
  • vision loss or blindness
A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

248
Q
  • It can also affect the nerves, spinal cord, or brain, resulting in nerve pain, paralysis, coma and death.
A

GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE

249
Q

light & asymptomatic

A

TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP

250
Q

heavy infection may produce abdominal pain and diarrhea, usually with eosinophilia

A

TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP

251
Q
  • worms damage the lining of the small intestine or the stomach
A

Trichostrongylosis or Trichostrongyliasis

252
Q
  • enteritis, gastritis, and sometimes anemia
A

Trichostrongylosis or Trichostrongyliasis

253
Q
  • Typical signs are diarrhea (mucous and/or hemorrhagic) or constipation
A

Trichostrongylosis or Trichostrongyliasis

254
Q
  • general weakness and wasting
A

Trichostrongylosis or Trichostrongyliasis

255
Q
  • loss of appetite
A

Trichostrongylosis or Trichostrongyliasis

256
Q
  • reduced weight gains or even weight loss, etc. x
A

Trichostrongylosis or Trichostrongyliasis

257
Q
  • Acute severe infections in young animals may be fatal
A

Trichostrongylosis or Trichostrongyliasis

258
Q

• Zoonotic infection (herbivores)

A

TRICHOSTRONGYLUS

259
Q

• Human infection:

A

T. colubriformis, T. orientalis, T. axei, T. brevi

260
Q

: Infects poultry and other birds worldwide

A

Trichostrongylus tenuis

261
Q

.: - The stomach hairworm

A

Trichostrongylus axei

262
Q
  • Infects cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses and many wild mammals.
A

Trichostrongylus axei

263
Q
  • Found worldwide
A

Trichostrongylus axei

264
Q
  • Bankrupt worms, black scours worms:
A

Trichostrongylus colubriformis

265
Q
  • Infects cattle, sheep, goats, pigs and horses and many wild mammals.
A

Trichostrongylus colubriformis

266
Q
  • Found worldwide
A

Trichostrongylus colubriformis

267
Q

Other less frequent species are

A

Trichostrongylus probolurus and Trichostrongylus vitrinu

268
Q

migratory lesions

A
  1. GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE
269
Q

eating raw fish

A
  1. GNATHOSTOMA SPECIE
270
Q

detection of characteristic eggs in the feces

A
  1. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP
271
Q

determination of the species requires post mortem examination of adult worms after necropsy

A
  1. TRICHOSTRONGYLUS SPP

Clinical Parasitology Lec (21 decks)

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