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Clinical Parasitology Lec > BLOOD AND TISSUE FLAGELLATES > Flashcards

BLOOD AND TISSUE FLAGELLATES Flashcards

1
Q

No flagella

A

Amastigote

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2
Q

Leishmanial form

A

Amastigote

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3
Q

L. donovani

A

Amastigote

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4
Q

L. tropica

A

Amastigote

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5
Q

L. braziliensis

A

Amastigote

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6
Q

T. cruzi

A

Amastigote

Trypomastigote

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7
Q

Flagella in front of the nucleus

A

Promastigote

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8
Q

Leptomonad form

A

Promastigote

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9
Q

Sand fly (Leishmania vector)

A

Promastigote

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10
Q

Trypanosoma cruzi (transitional phase)

A

Promastigote

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11
Q

Flagella in the center of organism

A

Epimastigote

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12
Q

Crithidial form

A

Epimastigote

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13
Q

Tse tse fly

A

Epimastigote

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14
Q

Reduvid bug (trypanosome vector)

A

Epimastigote

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15
Q

Flagella originates at posterior end of the organism

A

Trypomastigote

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16
Q

Trypanosomal form

A

Trypomastigote

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17
Q

T. brucei rhodesiense

A

Trypomastigote

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18
Q

T. brucei gambiense

A

Trypomastigote

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19
Q
A

Trypomastigote

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20
Q

Old world cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania tropica

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21
Q

Oriental sore

A

Leishmania tropica

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22
Q

Delhi boil

A

Leishmania tropica

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23
Q

Aleppo button

A

Leishmania tropica

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24
Q

Forest yaws

A

Leishmania tropica

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25
Q

Baghdad or Jericho boil

A

Leishmania tropica

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26
Q

American or Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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27
Q

Espundia, Uta, Chiclero ulcer

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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28
Q

Nasopharyngeal leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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29
Q

New world cutaneous leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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30
Q

Visceral leishmaniasis

A

Leishmania donovani

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31
Q

Kala-azar fever

A

Leishmania donovani

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32
Q

Dumdum fever

A

Leishmania donovani

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33
Q

Death fever

A

Leishmania donovani

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34
Q

tropical splenomegaly

A

Leishmania donovani

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35
Q

Endothelial cells of the infected skin capillaries and within the cytoplasm of large phagocytic monocytes

A

Leishmania tropica

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36
Q

Mucocutaneous junctions, particularly the nasal septum, mouth, and pharynx

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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37
Q

Endothelial cells of the reticuloendothelial system: liver, spleen, bone marrow, and visceral lymph nodes and fixed tissue macrophages

A

Leishmania donovani

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38
Q

Phlebotomus papatasii

A

Leishmania tropica

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39
Q

Phlebotomus sergenti

A

Leishmania tropica

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40
Q

Phlebotomus peruensis

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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41
Q

Phlebotomus verrucarum

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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42
Q

Phlebotomus argentipes

A

Leishmania donovani

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43
Q

Bite of sand fly (Phlebotomus spp.)

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani

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44
Q

Promastigotes (released via bite of a sand fly)

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani

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45
Q

Localized cutaneous infection which gives rise to a macule, then a papule, a raised lesion with depressed ulcerated center

A

Leishmania tropica

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46
Q

Primary lesion is similar to that of Leishmania tropica except the ulcer produced is a weeping lesion without a granular base

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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47
Q

Splenomegaly associated with severe anemia

A

Leishmania donovani

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48
Q

▪ Presence of lesions

A

Leishmania tropica

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49
Q

▪ Chronic ulceration of the exposed skin areas

A

Leishmania tropica

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50
Q

Primary sore – starts as a small papule → red itchy vesicle → ulcerate within 1-4 weeks then disappear or leave and open weeping sore

A

Leishmania braziliensis

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51
Q

Secondar lesion – invasion of mucous membrane; before and after the initial sore has healed; they are usually painful and may cause deformity of the nose and may destroy cartilages of the septum

A

Leishmania braziliensis

52
Q

▪ Monocytosis and neutropenia with granulocytopenia

A

Leishmania donovani

53
Q

▪ Infection of the bone marrow

A

Leishmania donovani

54
Q

▪ Headache

A

Leishmania donovani

55
Q

▪ Undulant fever

A

Leishmania donovani

56
Q

▪ Hepatosplenomegaly

A

Leishmania donovani

57
Q

▪ Black fever

A

Leishmania donovani

58
Q

▪ Blood smear

A

Leishmania donovani

59
Q

▪ Lymph node aspirate

A

Leishmania donovani

60
Q

▪ Bone marrow puncture

A

Leishmania donovani

61
Q

▪ Puncture of the ulcerated part

A

Leishmania braziliensis

62
Q

▪ Demonstration of the parasite from smears prepared from lesion scrapings (particularly in the edge)

A

Leishmania braziliensis

63
Q

▪ Skin scrapings (Wright’s or Giemsa stain)

A

Leishmania tropica

64
Q

▪ Impression smears or tissue sections prepared from active lesions; biopsies should be obtained from elevated, inflamed margins of the lesion

A

Leishmania tropica

65
Q

Demonstration of amastigote in macrophage in Giemsa stained smears from aspirates or biopsies from lesion

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani

66
Q

▪ Treat adequately all human cases harboring the parasite with antimony

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani

67
Q

▪ Secondary lesions are treated by topical disinfection, curettage or excision of redundant tissues (L. braziliensis)

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani

68
Q

▪ Eradicate breeding ground of sandflies

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani

69
Q

▪ Novy-McNeal-Nicolle medium

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani

70
Q

▪ Montenegro test – in vivo skin test

A

Leishmania tropica
Leishmania braziliensis
Leishmania donovani

71
Q

Genus Trypanosoma exists in two forms:

A

✓ Epimastigote
✓ Trypomastigote

72
Q

▪ Causative agent of African sleeping sickness

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

73
Q

▪ Transmitted by the bite of infected tse tse flies of the Genus Glossina

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

74
Q

▪ Characterized by an acute phase in which peripheral blood and lymph nodes are invaded, followed by a chronic phase in which the central nervous system is invaded, resulting in meningoencephalitis

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

75
Q

▪ Coma state develops, commonly known as “sleeping sickness”

A

Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense

76
Q

▪ Causative agent of American trypanosomiasis or Chaga’s disease

A

B. Trypanosoma cruzi

77
Q

▪ Most common vectors are triatomid bugs, kissing bugs, or reduviid bugs

A

B. Trypanosoma cruzi

78
Q

 Demonstration of trypomastigote in thin and thick smears prepared from peripheral blood or CSF (C-shaped trypomastigotes)

A

B. Trypanosoma cruzi

79
Q

 Xenodiagnosis

A

B. Trypanosoma cruzi

80
Q

: ✓ Use trypanosome free laboratory bred bug to bite infected individual

A

 Xenodiagnosis

81
Q

✓ Examine for the intestinal content of bug for metacyclic trypanosomes

A

 Xenodiagnosis

82
Q

▪ Mild African sleeping sickness

A

T. brucei gambiense

83
Q

▪ West African sleeping sickness

A

T. brucei gambiense

84
Q

▪ Gambian Trypanosomiasis

A

T. brucei gambiense

85
Q

▪ East African sleeping sickness

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

86
Q

▪ Rhodesian trypanosomiasis

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

87
Q

▪ South American trypanosomiasis

A

T. cruzi

88
Q

▪ Chaga’s disease

A

T. cruzi

89
Q

Central and West Africa

A

T. brucei gambiense

90
Q

East and South Africa

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

91
Q

▪ Asia minor

A

T. cruzi

92
Q

▪ Middle and Southwest Asia

A

T. cruzi

93
Q

▪ North Africa

A

T. cruzi

94
Q

▪ Europe and Central America

A

T. cruzi

95
Q

Glossina palpalis (tse tse fly)

A

T. brucei gambiense

T. brucei rhodesiense

96
Q

Glossina tachinoides

A

T. brucei gambiense

97
Q

Glossina morsitans

A

T. brucei rhodesiense

98
Q

▪ Triatomid bug (Panstrongylus megistus)

A

T. cruzi

99
Q

▪ Kissing bug

A

T. cruzi

100
Q

▪ Assassin bug

A

T. cruzi

101
Q

Insect bite after the complete cycle in the insect

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

102
Q

▪ Bug bite and defecates on the wound

A

T. cruzi

103
Q

▪ Blood transfusion

A

T. cruzi

104
Q

▪ Sexual and congenital transmission

A

T. cruzi

105
Q

Promastigotes

A

T. cruzi
T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

106
Q

▪ Parasitemia with different waves

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

107
Q

▪ Winterbottom’s sign

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

108
Q

▪ Kerandel’s sign

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

109
Q

✓ Chancre

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

110
Q

✓ Cervical lymphadenopathy

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

111
Q

✓ Recurrent high fever

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

112
Q

✓ Headache, rash

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

113
Q

✓ Patient develops hepatic and renal damage, pericardial inflammation, muscle tremors, convulsion, and coma

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

114
Q

▪ Gambian trypanosomiasis – CNS symptoms; takes years to develop

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

115
Q

▪ Rhodesian trypanosomiasis – CNS manifestations; develop in 3 – 6 months

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

116
Q

▪ Romana’s sign (edema of the eyelids)

A

T. cruzi

117
Q

▪ Chagoma (initial lesion) chancre at the site of insect bite, enlarged lymph node and spinal fluid

A

T. cruzi

118
Q

▪ Demonstration of trypomastigote from Giemsa stained thick and thin blood smears as well as aspirate from chancre at the site of insect bite, enlarged lymph node and spinal fluid

A

T. cruzi

119
Q

▪ Demonstration of amastigote in macrophage

A

T. cruzi

120
Q

Pentamidine and Suramine soprol

A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

121
Q

No drug available

A

T. cruzi

122
Q
  1. Proper treatment of diagnosed individuals
A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

123
Q
  1. Eradication of breeding sites of tse tse flies
A

T. brucei gambiense
T. brucei rhodesiense

124
Q
  1. Vector control
A

T. cruzi

125
Q
  1. Screening and sterilization of blood transfusions
A

T. cruzi

Clinical Parasitology Lec (21 decks)

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