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Clinical Parasitology Lec > INTESTINAL FLAGELLATES > Flashcards

INTESTINAL FLAGELLATES Flashcards

1
Q

Giardia intestinalis

A

Giardia lamblia

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2
Q

Giardia duodenalis

A

Giardia lamblia

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3
Q

Cercomonas intestinalis

A

Giardia lamblia

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4
Q

Megastoma enterica

A

Giardia lamblia

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5
Q

Lamblia intestinalis

A

Giardia lamblia

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6
Q

Giardia enterica

A

Giardia lamblia

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7
Q

Shepherd’s crook

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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8
Q

Chilomastix hominis

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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9
Q

Nonpathogenic

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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10
Q

The only pathogenic intestinal flagellates found only in man

A

Giardia lamblia

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11
Q

▪ Harmless commensal which is worldwide in distribution

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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12
Q

▪ More prevalent in warm than cooler climate

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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13
Q

Duodenal area of small intestine and gall bladder

A

Giardia lamblia

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14
Q

cecal region of the large intestine

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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15
Q

➢ Ingestion of cyst usually through contaminated water

A

Giardia lamblia

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16
Q

➢ Oral-anal route

A

Giardia lamblia

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17
Q

Ingestion of cyst

A

Chilomastix mesnili

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18
Q

Giardia lamblia (Invasive stage)

A

Trophozoite

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19
Q

Giardia lamblia (Infective stage)

A

Cyst

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20
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Pear-shaped/Pyriform
A

Giardia lamblia

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21
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Rounded anteriorly and pointed posteriorly
A

Giardia lamblia

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22
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Resembles “old man in eye glasses” or “tennis racket” appearance
A

Giardia lamblia

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23
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Bilaterally symmetrical: two media bodies
A

Giardia lamblia

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24
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Measures 9.5 – 21 um by 5 – 10 um
A

Giardia lamblia

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25
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ With large sucking discs on the ventral, concave side and convex on the dorsal side, occupying about ¾ of the flat ventral surface
A

Giardia lamblia

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26
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Presence of 2 nuclei with large, central
A

Giardia lamblia

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27
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ 2 axostyles, 2 blepharoplast, 2 deeply staining bars
A

Giardia lamblia

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28
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ 4 pairs of flagella: one pair of laterally crossed flagella, one pair of central flagella, a lateral pair of uncrossed flagella, and one pair of posterior flagella
A

Giardia lamblia

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29
Q

❖ Motility: jerky falling leaf/kite-like/spinning/flip-flop motility

A

Giardia lamblia

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30
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Ovoid/ellipsoidal; measures 8 – 12 um by 6 – 10 um
A

Giardia lamblia

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31
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ 2 – 4 nuclei at anterior end
A

Giardia lamblia

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32
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Thick double wall (“double-walled cyst”); cytoplasm shrinks away from the cell wall
A

Giardia lamblia

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33
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Axostyle and fibrillar remnants of locomotory apparatus present
A

Giardia lamblia

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34
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Asymmetrical pearshaped (due to the cytostome) measuring about 6 – 20 um
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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35
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Broad anterior, tapering toward the posterior end
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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36
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Spiral groove extending through the middle portion of the body
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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37
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ 3 pairs of flagella and a more delicate one within the prominent cytostome
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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38
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Cytoplasm is delicately granular with numerous food vacuoles
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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39
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ 1 nucleus with central karyosome
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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40
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Motility: Boring or spiral forward movement, corkscrew, clockwise, twisting motility
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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41
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ 7 – 10 um; thick walled
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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42
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Pear- or lemon-shaped, rounded at one end and conical at the other end with knob-like protuberance projection
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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43
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ 1 spherical nucleus with central karyosome
A

Chilomastix mesnili

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44
Q

Giardiasis or Flagellate diarrhea (also known as Traveller’s diarrhea)

A

Giardia lamblia

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45
Q

➢ Majority of persons infected are asymptomatic or is manifested as a self-limiting acute onset diarrhea, usually associated with nausea, anorexia, and crampy abdominal pain

A

Giardia lamblia

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46
Q

➢ Common among pre-school children and immunocompromised patients (AIDS patients)

A

Giardia lamblia

47
Q

a. Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)

A

Giardia lamblia

48
Q

b. Gall bladder involvement (Cholangitis)

A

Giardia lamblia

49
Q

✓ Associated with gallbladder colic and jaundice due to obstruction of the bile passages

A

b. Gall bladder involvement (Cholangitis)

50
Q

✓ Irritation or edema of the ampulla of Vater

A

b. Gall bladder involvement (Cholangitis)

51
Q

✓ Irritation with excess secretion of mucus and dehydration

A

a. Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)

52
Q

✓ dull epigastric pain

A

a. Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)

53
Q

✓ chronic diarrhea with steatorrheic stool containing increased amounts of fat and mucus but no blood

A

a. Duodenal Involvement (Duodenitis)

54
Q
  1. DFS: stained or unstained
A

Giardia lamblia

55
Q
  1. ZnSO4 flotation technique – for cyst concentration
A

Giardia lamblia

56
Q
  1. Duodenal aspiration (Entero test)
A

Giardia lamblia

57
Q
  1. Fluoroscopy – may demonstrate hypermotility at the duodenal and jejunal levels
A

Giardia lamblia

58
Q
  1. X-ray to reveal mucosal defects
A

Giardia lamblia

59
Q
  1. Culture method
A

Giardia lamblia

60
Q
  1. Personal and community hygiene
A

Giardia lamblia

61
Q
  1. Sanitation and cleanliness
A

Giardia lamblia

62
Q

Metronidazole – drug of choice

A

Giardia lamblia

63
Q

Proper hygiene and sanitation

A

Chilomastix mesnili

64
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Pear-shaped or ovoid
A

Enteromonas hominis
C. mesnilii

65
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ No cytostome
A

Enteromonas hominis

66
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ 4 flagella: 3 anterior and 1 which closely adheres to the flattened surface of one side and trails off posteriorly as a free flagellum
A

Enteromonas hominis

67
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Motility: Jerky motility
A

Enteromonas hominis

68
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ pear-shaped, uninucleated
A

Enteromonas hominis

69
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Measures 4 – 9 um by 3 – 10 um
A

Embadomonas intestinalis

70
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Characteristic cleft – like cytostome may be seen near the nucleus
A

Embadomonas intestinalis

71
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ 2 anterior flagella
A

Embadomonas intestinalis

72
Q
  1. Cyst ✓pear-shaped, uninucleated
A

Embadomonas intestinalis

73
Q

▪ Optimum pH for survival: 5.2 to 6.4

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

74
Q

▪ In the healthy female, the normally acid vaginal secretions of pH 3.8 – 4.4 deter its survival

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

75
Q
  1. Inflammation of the vaginal mucosa occurs several days after inoculation of the trophozoites, after which, polymorphonuclears become numerous and epithelial cells desquamate
A

Trichomonas vaginalis

76
Q

➢ Vaginal secretions are liquid in character, greenish yellow in color and very irritating that it causes intense itchiness or burning sensation

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

77
Q

➢ Strawberry cervix in appearance

A

Trichomonas vaginalis

78
Q
  1. In most cases, T. vaginalis infection in females present as a symptomatic vaginitis, although chronic infection may be asymptomatic
A

Trichomonas vaginalis

79
Q
  1. In males – trichomoniasis is latent or symptomless during the acute stage and it usually becomes chronic urethritis
A

Trichomonas vaginalis

80
Q
  1. Acid douche (pH of 3.0); Use prophylactic devices
A

Trichomonas vaginalis

81
Q
  1. Oral metronidazole – 250 mg 3x a day for 7 days results in 90-98% cure; for better patient compliance, oral metronidazole 2 grams single dose gas 86% cure rate
A

Trichomonas vaginalis

82
Q

(Dobell, 1939)

A

T. tenax

83
Q

(Leukart, 1879)

A

T. hominis

84
Q

(Donne, 1837)

A

T. vaginalis

85
Q

Buccal cavity, tartar of the teeth

A

T. tenax

86
Q

Cecum

A

T. hominis

87
Q

Vagina, prostate gland

A
88
Q

Smallest

A

T. tenax

89
Q

Medium

A

T. hominis

90
Q

Largest

A

T. vaginalis

91
Q

Round

A

T. tenax

92
Q

Ovoidal

A

T. hominis

93
Q

2/3 of the body length

A

T. tenax

94
Q

As long as the body length

A

T. hominis

95
Q

Less than ½ of the body length

A

T. vaginalis

96
Q

Inclusion bodies NONE

A

T. tenax

T. hominis

97
Q

With siderophil bodies in the cytoplasm

A

T. vaginalis

98
Q

Flagella 4 anterior and 1 posterior

A

T. tenax
T. hominis
T. vaginalis

99
Q

Inconspicuous

A

T. tenax

100
Q

Highly conspicuous

A

T. hominis

101
Q

Very conspicuous

A

T. vaginalis

102
Q

NON-PATHOGENIC

A

T. tenax

T. hominis

103
Q

Vaginitis, prostatitis, urethritis, itching and irritation, burning sensation of urine

A

T. vaginalis

104
Q

Droplet spray

A

T. tenax

105
Q

Kissing; Use of contaminated dishes or drinking glass

A

T. tenax

106
Q

Ingestion of contaminated food and drink

A

T. hominis

107
Q

Sexual contact and rarely congenital

A

T. vaginalis

108
Q

Oral scraping

A

T. tenax

109
Q

Stool

A

T. hominis

110
Q

Vaginal swab, urine, urethral discharge

A

T. vaginalis

111
Q

Oral hygiene

A

T. tenax

112
Q

Sanitation and personal hygiene

A

T. hominis

113
Q

Avoid promiscuous sexual intercourse

A

T. vaginalis

Clinical Parasitology Lec (21 decks)

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