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Clinical Parasitology Lec > SECTION 2 > Flashcards

SECTION 2 Flashcards

1
Q

General morphology

A

Unsegmented, elongated (long) and cylindrical in shape.

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2
Q

The body is covered by a non-nucleated cuticle which may be smooth striated, bossed or ornamented with spines

A

General morphology

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3
Q

body cavity which contains all of the viscera (digestive, excretory, reproductive and nervous system.

A

Pseudocoele

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4
Q

mouth/buccal cavity which may be provided with spines, hooks, cutting plates, stylets, or other structures for attachment or penetration

A

Anterior end

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5
Q

a few mm to a meter in length

A

Length

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6
Q

by sinuous changes of their bodies

A

Movement

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7
Q

The (?) are separate, and the females are larger than the males; male posterior end is usually curved

A

sexes

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8
Q

testes, vas deferens, seminal vesicle, ejaculatory duct, cloaca

A

Male

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9
Q

organs may be single or bifurcated

A

Female

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10
Q

a) accessory copulatory apparatus

A

Male

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11
Q

(wing-like appendage)

A

Male

b) gubernaculum

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12
Q

c) telamon

A

Male

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13
Q

d) copulatory spicule

A

Male

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14
Q

e) copulatory bursa (umbrella-like ex: Hookworms)

A

Male

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15
Q

a) ovary

A

Female

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16
Q

b) oviduct

A

Female

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17
Q

c) seminal receptacle

A

female

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18
Q

d ) uterus

A

female

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19
Q

e) ovijector

A

female

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20
Q

f) vagina

A

female

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21
Q

Oviparous (ex.)

A

Ascaris

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22
Q
  • females will lay eggs, the egg hatches after leaving the host
A

Oviparous

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23
Q

Viviparous/Larviparous (ex.)

A

Trichinella

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24
Q

– does not lay eggs, but larva

A

Viviparous/Larviparous

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25
Q

Parthenogenetic (ex.)

A

Strongyloides

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26
Q
  • female may fertilize herself
A

Parthenogenetic

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27
Q
  • females will lay eggs, the egg hatches before leaving the host
A

Oviviparous

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28
Q

with complete alimentary tract (pathway of food)

A

Digestive System

29
Q

: filariform, rhabditiform, spiruroid, strongyliform or stichosoma

30
Q

: provided w/ spines, hooks, cutting plates, teeth, etc.

A

Buccal cavity

31
Q

with chemoreceptors

A

Nervous System

32
Q
  • excitatory neurotransmitter (transmits signal)
A

Acetyl choline

33
Q

– inhibitory neurotransmitter

A

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)

34
Q
  • Antihelminthic drug
A

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)

35
Q
  • Causes paralysis and death of parasite
A

Gamma-amino butyric acid (GABA)

36
Q

: pair of laterally placed minute receptor organs in the cephalic or cervical region of all nematodes.

37
Q

: pair of minute lateral post-anal organs in species w/o caudal glands

38
Q

• with collecting tubules or collecting canal & an excretory pore

A

Excretory System

39
Q

• fluid of the body cavity contains hemoglobin, glucose, proteins, salts and vitamins

A

No circulatory system

40
Q

 Fulfils functions of blood

A

No circulatory system

41
Q

1) egg stage 2) four larval stages 3)) adult stage

A

Developmental stages

42
Q

Modes of attachment

A

• Anchorage with attenuated ends (T. trichiura)
• Oral attachment to the mucosa (Ancylostoma)
• Penetration of the tissues (Strongyloides) - barefoot
• Retention in the folds of the mucosa (lumcricoides) – inserts in the foldings of the intestines

43
Q
  • barefoot

• Penetration of the tissues (?)

A

Strongyloides

44
Q

– inserts in the foldings of the intestines

A

• Retention in the folds of the mucosa (lumcricoides)

45
Q

By sucking with ingestion of blood (?)

A

Ancylostoma - hoowkworm

46
Q

• By ingestion of lyzed tissues and blood by embedded worms (?)

A

T. trichiura

47
Q

• By feeding with intestinal contents (?)

A

A. lumbricoides

48
Q

• By deriving from body fluids

A

. Modes of nourishment

49
Q

: 4 – 16 weeks

A

o Trichinella spiralis

50
Q

: 1 – 2 months

A

o Enterobius vermicularis

51
Q

: 12 – 17 months

A

o A. lumbricoides

52
Q

: at least 14 years

A

o Hookworms

53
Q

: up to 25 years

A

o Filarial worms

54
Q

: 5 – 10 years

A

o T. trichiura

55
Q

: 20 – 30 years

A

o S. stercoralis

56
Q

Life Cycle

A

o Egg - three layers
o Four larval stages
o Adult stage

57
Q

Egg - three layers:

A

 Vitelline membrane (Ex. Ascaris egg)
 Chorionic or true shell
 Albuminous covering

58
Q

: outer membrane (decorticated if
without- environmental cause)

A

Albuminous covering

59
Q

Aphasmidia Species which parasitize the small intestine

A
  1. Trichinella spiralis
  2. Capillaria philippinensis
60
Q

Phasmidia Species which parasitize the small intestine

A
  1. Ascaris limbricoides
  2. Necator americanus
  3. Ancylostoma duodenale
  4. Ancylostoma ceylanicum
  5. Strongyloides stercoralis
61
Q

Aphasmidia Species which parasitize the large intestine

A
  1. Trichuris trichiura
62
Q

Phasmidia Specie which parasitize the large intestine

A
  1. Enterobius vermicularis
63
Q

• Anchorage with attenuated ends (?)

A

T. trichiura

64
Q

• Oral attachment to the mucosa (?)

A

Ancylostoma

65
Q

• Penetration of the tissues (?)

A

Strongyloides

66
Q

• Retention in the folds of the mucosa (?)

A

lumcricoides

67
Q

Phasmidia Species which parasitize the tissues

A
  1. Wuchereria bancrofti
  2. Brugia malayi
  3. Loa loa
  4. Dracunculus medinensis
68
Q

Phasmidia Species which causes larva migrans in man

A
  1. Ancylostima braziliense
  2. Ancylostoma caninum
  3. Toxocara spp.

Clinical Parasitology Lec (21 decks)

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