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Clinical Parasitology Lec > PROTOZOA > Flashcards

PROTOZOA Flashcards

1
Q

➢ Most pathogenic amoeba in man

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

➢ It is the only amoeba that has the potential of tissue invasion

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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3
Q

 Endamoeba histolytica

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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4
Q

 Amoeba dysenteriae

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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5
Q

 Entamoeba dysenteriae/Endamoeba dysenteriae

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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6
Q

 Entamoeba tetragena

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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7
Q

Large intestine of the host and other organs like liver, lungs, and the brain

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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8
Q

➢ Ingestion of contaminated food and water containing cysts

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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9
Q

➢ Direct contact to infected and uninfected persons (food handlers and housekeepers)

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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10
Q

➢ Faulty installation of water supple

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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11
Q

➢ Faulty sanitary disposal

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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12
Q

➢ Venereal transmission (sexually transmitted through fecal-oral contact)

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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13
Q

Precystic stage ➢ Transitional stage prior to the formation of cysts

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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14
Q

Precystic stage ➢ Colorless, round or oval, smaller than trophozoite but bigger than cyst

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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15
Q

Precystic stage ➢ Devoid of food inclusion and movement is sluggish with no progressive movement

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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16
Q

5-12 mcirons ; 12-60 u

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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17
Q

3-10 microns ; 10-16 u

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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18
Q

Finger-like and rapidly extruded

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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19
Q

Cysts Absent

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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20
Q

Active, progressive, and unidirectional motility

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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21
Q

Non-motile

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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22
Q

▪ No definite shape

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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23
Q

▪ Ectoplasm is thick, wide, refractile, and clearly differentiated from endoplasm which is finely granular that may contain ingested red blood cell BUT NO bacteria or foreign material

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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24
Q

▪ Karyosome is centrally located in the nucleus

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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25
Q

▪ Spherical with a definite outer cyst wall

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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26
Q

▪ Mature cyst has 4 nuclei (quadrinucleate)

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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27
Q

▪ Immature cyst has 1-2 nuclei

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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28
Q

▪ Motile or rounded

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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29
Q

▪ Nucleus not visible

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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30
Q

▪ RBCs are visible

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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31
Q

▪ Nuclei not visible

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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32
Q

▪ Chromatoid bar – refractile

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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33
Q

▪ Glycogen are refractile in young cysts

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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34
Q

Nucleus visible

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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35
Q

Nucleus visible

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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36
Q

chromatoid bodies seldomly seen

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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37
Q

glycogen in young cysts are visible

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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38
Q

Chromatoid matter Absent

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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39
Q

Rods with rounded ends (cigar/sausage-shaped)

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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40
Q

▪ Thermal death point at 50°C

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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41
Q

▪ Resistant to urine, grow best at anaerobic condition or under reduced oxygen tension

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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42
Q

▪ Optimum growth at 37°C at pH 7.0

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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43
Q

Factors Conducive to Invasion by Amoeba

A

➢ Temperature fluctuation in the host
➢ Abnormal secretory function
➢ Irritant foods
➢ Inadequate diet
➢ Inflammatory processes

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44
Q

✓ Asymptomatic in light infections (“luminal amebiasis”)

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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45
Q

✓ Abdominal tenderness

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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46
Q

✓ Diarrhea which may progress to dysentery in which there is passage of blood and mucus over a period of weeks

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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47
Q

✓ Constipation may be interspersed with diarrhea

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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48
Q

✓ Peritonitis

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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49
Q

✓ Dehydration

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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50
Q

➢ Acute Amebic colitis should be differentiated from bacillary dysentery caused by bacteria such as [?]

A

Shigella, Yersinia, Salmonella, and Escherichia coli

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51
Q

➢ Although stools may be grossly bloody, fever and significant elevated leukocyte count are less common in [?]

A

amebic colitis

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52
Q

must be ruled out before steroid therapy for inflammatory bowel disease is started because of the risk of developing toxic megacolon

A

➢ Amebic colitis

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53
Q

was named by Schaudinn in1903 because of its ability to lyse human tissues

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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54
Q

➢ Its invasive process is initiated when the trophozoite stage is able to penetrate through the mucus layer covering the colonic epithelium

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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55
Q

➢ Disease caused:
a) Amebiasis
b) Amebic hepatitis
c) Amebic colitis/dysenterY
d) Amebic liver abscess
e) Ameboma

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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56
Q

– clinically presents as gradual onset of abdominal pain and diarrhea with or without blood and mucus present in the stool

A

c) Amebic colitis/dysentery

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57
Q

– the most common extra-intestinal form of amebiasis

A

d) Amebic liver abscess

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58
Q

Incubation period: 4-5 days

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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59
Q

➢ Metacystic trophozoites invade the cecum and cecal mucosa

A
  1. Intestinal/Primary Amebiasis
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60
Q

➢ The trophozoites penetrate the cecal mucosa and epithelia by lytic digestion aided by amoeboid movement

A
  1. Intestinal/Primary Amebiasis
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61
Q

➢ Trophozoites burrow deeper with tendency to spread laterally by continuous lysis of cells until they reach the submucosa to form flaskshaped ulcers

A
  1. Intestinal/Primary Amebiasis
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62
Q

➢ Trophozoites demonstrated in every soft organ of the body

A
  1. Extra-intestinal/secondary/metastatic Amebiasis
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63
Q

➢ Trophozoites which reach the muscularis mucosa frequently erode and enter the lymphatics or walls of mesenteric venules on the floor of the ulcers to reach other organs

A
  1. Extra-intestinal/secondary/metastatic Amebiasis
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64
Q
  1. Extra-intestinal/secondary/metastatic Amebiasis:
A

a) Hepatic abscess
b) Pulmonary abscess
c) Cerebral amebiasis
d) Splenic abscess
e) Cutaneous abscess

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65
Q

➢ The standard method of parasitologic diagnosis is through microscopic detection of the trophozoites and cysts in stool specimen

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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66
Q

➢ The detection of E. histolytica trophozoites with ingested red blood cells is diagnostic of amebiasis

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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67
Q

➢ Ideally, a minimum of 3 stool specimens collected in different days should be examined

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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68
Q
  1. Direct Fecal Smear Examination and Permanently stained preparations (using trichrome stain)
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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69
Q
  1. Concentration Techniques
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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70
Q
  1. Purges saline by cathartic
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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71
Q
  1. Sigmoidoscopy material
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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72
Q
  1. Stool culture methods
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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73
Q
  1. Serological methods
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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74
Q

✓ For detection of trophozoites - fresh stool specimens (diarrheic/watery stool) should be examined within 30 minutes after collection

A
  1. Direct Fecal Smear Examination and Permanently stained preparations (using trichrome stain)
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75
Q

✓ Cyst stage – usually found in formed or semi-formed stool specimens

A
  1. Direct Fecal Smear Examination and Permanently stained preparations (using trichrome stain)
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76
Q

✓ Using the DFS with saline solution alone = one can observed the motility of the trophozoite

A
  1. Direct Fecal Smear Examination and Permanently stained preparations (using trichrome stain)
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77
Q

= Entamoeba spp. will stain blue, thus, differentiating them from white blood cells.

A

✓ Using saline + methylene blue

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78
Q

= the nucleus and karyosome can be observed so that E. histolytica can be differentiated from the non-pathogenic species (E. hartmanni, E. coli, E. nana)

A

✓ Using saline + iodine

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79
Q
  1. Concentration Techniques
A

FECT and MIFC are more sensitive than the DFS for detection of cysts.

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80
Q

✓ Balamuth’s medium

A
  1. Stool culture methods
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81
Q

✓ Rice egg saline

A
  1. Stool culture methods
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82
Q

✓ Locke egg serum

A
  1. Stool culture methods
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83
Q

– more sensitive than stool microscopy but is not routinely available

A

✓ Robinson’s and Inoki medium

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84
Q

✓ Complement fixation test
✓ Indirect Immunofluorescence Assay
✓ Gel diffusion
✓ ELISA
✓ Latex agglutination assay
✓ PCR – useful in differentiation of luminal infections (E. dispar) from invasive amoebiasis (E. histolytica)

A
  1. Serological methods
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85
Q

✓ Aspiration; biopsy

A
  1. For extra-intestinal amebiasis
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86
Q

✓ Molecular methods for differentiating between E. histolytica and E. dispar

A
  1. For extra-intestinal amebiasis
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87
Q

✓ Liver scan

A
  1. For extra-intestinal amebiasis
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88
Q

✓ Examination of aspirate (liver abscess)

A
  1. For extra-intestinal amebiasis
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89
Q

: most useful in patients with extraintestinal disease (i.e. amebic liver abscess) when organisms are not generally found on stool examination

A

❖ ANTIBODY DETECTION

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90
Q

: useful as an adjunct to microscopic diagnosis in detecting parasites and to distinguish between pathogenic and non-pathogenic infections (between E. histolytica and E. dispar infections

A

❖ ANTIGEN DETECTION

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91
Q

❖ Differentiation of E. histolytica and E. dispar is not possible by [?]. This can only be done by [?].

A

microscopy

PCR, ELISA, and isoenzyme analysis

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92
Q

❖ ELISA-based for stool is now commercially available showing a

A

sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 99%

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93
Q

❖ The use of [?] is limited by the requirement of sophisticated equipment

A

PCR

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94
Q
  1. Proper treatment of drinking water through filtration process and boiling of water
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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95
Q
  1. Proper disposal and treatment of human excreta
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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96
Q
  1. Proper installation and maintenance of potable water
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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97
Q
  1. Proper processing and safe handling and preparation of food
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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98
Q
  1. Health education and promotion (e.g. Practice of handwashing, proper use of latrines)
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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99
Q
  1. Use of iodine tablets to kill cysts
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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100
Q
  1. Uncooked vegetables should be scalded at 80’C for at least 30 seconds
A

Entamoeba histolytica

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101
Q

– 0.25 gram 4x a day for 10 days

A

✓ Entero viaform

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102
Q

– 0.5 gram 3x a day for 8 days

A

✓ Milibin

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103
Q

❖ Either of the above drugs should be combined with chloroquine or aralen to take care of tissue invaders

A

✓ Entero viaform
✓ Milibin

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104
Q

✓ Previous regiment is recommended, but in addition, this is given for first 3 days

A

emetine HCl

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105
Q

– 40-50 mg/kg body weight but not exceeding 2,000 mg in single dose repeated on the second day

A

✓ Tinidazole

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106
Q

– localized in the liver with or without extension to the lungs (drugs to be given should be amoebicidal)

A

For extra-intestinal Amebiasis

107
Q

– 1mg/KBW but not exceeding 65 mg for 7-10 days; after a rest period of 2 weeks, the course is repeated

A
  1. Emetine HCl
108
Q

– 4 tablets (250 mg salt) first dose; 2 tablets daily for 2 to 3 weeks

A
  1. Chloroquine or aralen
109
Q

as in acute amebic dysentery

A
  1. Tinidazole
110
Q

(Von Prowasek, 1912)

A

a. Entamoeba hartmanni

111
Q

(Graasi 1879; Casagrandi & Barbagalio 1895)

A

b. Entamoeba coli

112
Q

(Wenyon & O’Connor, 1917; Brug 1918)

A

c. Endolimax nana

113
Q

(Von Prowasek, 1911; Dobell, 1911)

A

d. Iodamoeba butschlii

114
Q

(Gros, 1849; Brumpt, 1913)

A

e. Entamoeba gingivalis

115
Q

(Wenyon, 1909; Dobelli, 1918)

A

h. Dientamoeba fragilis

116
Q

Entamoeba minuta

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

117
Q

Entamoeba minutussima

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

118
Q

Common name: “small race E. histolytica”

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

119
Q

Amoeba coli

A

Entamoeba coli

120
Q

Endamoeba hominis

A

Entamoeba coli

121
Q

Laschia coli

A

Entamoeba coli

122
Q

✓ Cross-eyed cyst

A

Endolimax nana

123
Q

✓ Entamoeba nana

A

Endolimax nana

124
Q

✓ Endolimax intestinalis

A

Endolimax nana

125
Q

Common name: Smallest intestinal protozoan of man

A

Endolimax nana

126
Q

Iodamoeba williamsi

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

127
Q

Entamoeba williamsi

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

128
Q

Entamoeba butschlii

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

129
Q

Endolimax williamsi

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

130
Q

Common name: Iodine cyst

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

131
Q

Amoeba gingivalis

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

132
Q

Amoeba buccalis

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

133
Q

Entamoeba buccalis

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

134
Q

Common parasite of pigs and monkeys

A

Entamoeba polecki

135
Q

Intestinal tract of man

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

136
Q

large intestine of man

A

Entamoeba coli

137
Q

Cecum

A

Endolimax nana

138
Q

Large intestine of man and swine

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

139
Q

Found in the mouth, chiefly in the tartar of the teeth and gingival pocket

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

140
Q

mucosal crypts of the cecum

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

141
Q

Hand-to-mouth

A

Entamoeba coli

142
Q

✓ Kissing or droplet spray

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

143
Q

✓ Contaminated drinking utensils and dental utensils

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

144
Q

➢ Resembles E. histolytica except in size (it is much smaller, and it does not ingest red blood cells)

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

145
Q

➢ Resembles E. nana in size

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

146
Q
  1. Trophozoite: 4-12 u
A

Entamoeba hartmanni

147
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ Mature cyst: 5-10 um with 4 nuclei (quadrinucleated)
A

Entamoeba hartmanni

148
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ Immature cyst: usually have chromatoidal bars
A

Entamoeba hartmanni

149
Q
  1. Cyst: ➢ Chromatoidal bar: rice grain in shape
A

Entamoeba hartmanni

150
Q
  1. Cyst: ➢ The nucleus and location of karyosome resembles E. coli
A

Entamoeba hartmanni

151
Q

✓ Trophozoite does not ingest red blood cells

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

152
Q

✓ Motility is sluggish

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

153
Q

✓ Chromatoidal bodies: shorter with tapered ends often referred to as “rice grain shaped” or “thin fan like”

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

154
Q

✓ Non-pathogenic or utmost causes only mild symptoms of enteritis

A

Entamoeba hartmanni

155
Q

Nucleus: coarse, irregular peripheral chromatin; eccentric karyosome

A

Entamoeba coli

156
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ 15-20 um
A

Entamoeba coli

157
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Coarse cytoplasm with many vacuoles and ingested bacteria
A

Entamoeba coli

158
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Numerous nuclei (6-8 nuclei); however nucleus is not easily visualized
A

Entamoeba coli

159
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Ectoplasm is granular and not easily differentiated from densely granular
A

Entamoeba coli

160
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Short, blunt, and multiple pseudopods
A

Entamoeba coli

161
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ Round or spherical
A

Entamoeba coli

162
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ 10-35 um
A

Entamoeba coli

163
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ 1-8 nuclei
A

Entamoeba coli

164
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ Occasional chromatoidal bodies with splintered ends (splinterlike/filamentous/thread-like with granules/whiskbroom appearance)
A

Entamoeba coli

165
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ May have glycogen vacuole
A

Entamoeba coli

166
Q

✓ No peripheral cromatin; large irregular karyosome

A
167
Q

✓ Karyosome appears as a large round dot

A
168
Q

✓ Spherical or subspherical

A
169
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ 2-12 um
A

Endolimax nana

170
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Uninucleated
A

Endolimax nana

171
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Finely granular, vacuolated cytoplasm (with narrow rim of ectoplasm)
A

Endolimax nana

172
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Short pseudopod
A

Endolimax nana

173
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ 5-10 um
A

Endolimax nana

174
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ Round to oval; usually oval
A

Endolimax nana

175
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ 1-4 nucleus; possesses 4 nuclei when mature
A

Endolimax nana

176
Q
  1. Cyst: ✓ Chromatoidal bodies are commashaped
A

Endolimax nana

177
Q

✓ Spherical

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

178
Q

✓ No peripheral chromatin

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

179
Q

✓ Large karyosome surrounded by layer of small granules

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

180
Q

✓ The karyosome is large, irregular, and rounded with a cluster of achromatic granules

A

Iodamoeba butschlii

181
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ 8-20 um
A

Iodamoeba butschlii

182
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Coarsely granular cytoplasm with vacuoles and bacteria
A

Iodamoeba butschlii

183
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Blunt pseudopods (sluggishlyprogressively motility)
A

Iodamoeba butschlii

184
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Small with fairly active, progressive movement
A

Iodamoeba butschlii

185
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Ectoplasm is clear
A

Iodamoeba butschlii

186
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ 5-20 um
A

Iodamoeba butschlii

187
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Ovoid
A

Iodamoeba butschlii

188
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Only one nucleus when mature
A

Iodamoeba butschlii

189
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Prominent glycogen vacuole (iodine-staining)
A

Iodamoeba butschlii

190
Q

NO CYSTIC STAGE: exists only as a trophozoite and does not undergo encystation

A

Entamoeba gingivalis

191
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Measures 535 um in diameter
A

Entamoeba gingivalis

192
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Extrudes pseudopodia, similar to E. histolytica but does not exhibit progressive locomotion
A

Entamoeba gingivalis

193
Q
  1. Trophozoite: ✓ Small and centrally located karyosome
A

Entamoeba gingivalis

194
Q

▪ Morphologically identical to E. histolytica

A

Entamoeba dispar

195
Q

▪ The only difference of E. dispar from E. histolytica is that it cannot ingest red blood cells

A

Entamoeba dispar

196
Q

Originally described as amoeba, but is actually a flagellate with only the trophozoite stage known

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

197
Q

It is now classified among the Trichomonads (despite the missing flagellum)

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

198
Q

✓ Binucleated trophozoite

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

199
Q

✓ Absence of the cyst stage

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

200
Q

✓ Electron microscopic evidence of rudiments

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

201
Q

✓ Resembles Trichomonads antigenically and ultrastructurally

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

202
Q

✓ Small size, 2 nuclei

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

203
Q

✓ Circular appearance at rest

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

204
Q

✓ Rapid action of the multiple leaf-shaped pseudopods that gives a stellate appearance, and explosive disintegration in water

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

205
Q

Host-Parasite Interaction: non-pathogenic, no symptoms, no need for treatment

A

Entamoeba coli

206
Q

▪ Rarely to cause disease in humans

A

Entamoeba dispar

207
Q

▪ Pathogenic to man

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

208
Q

▪ Usually in coinfection with E. vermicularis

A

Dientamoeba fragilis

209
Q

can be acquired while diving and swimming during hot weather in brackish or fresh water including swimming pools

A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

210
Q

✓ Swimming in contaminated water

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

211
Q

✓ Using inadequately disinfected contact lenses

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

212
Q

Portal of entry: broken or ulcerated skin or eye, lungs, genitourinary tract

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

213
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Size: 10-35 um
A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

214
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ can assume limax form or become ameboflagellate
A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

215
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Has both amoeba and flagellated form
A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

216
Q

: has a blunt pseudopodia and a vesicular nucleus with a large karyosome and sparse granules of peripheral chromatin

A

❖ Ameboid

217
Q

: elongated and bears two equal and anteriorly located flagella

A

❖ Flagellated

218
Q

✓ NOTE: when inside the host, Naegleria trophozoites do not exhibit the flagellated stage and cysts are not also formed; only the [?] is present inside the host

A

ameboid form Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

219
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Size: 7-10 um in diameter
A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

220
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Round
A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

221
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Cyst wall is smooth and double, with the outer wall perforated by 3 – 8 pores (ostioles)
A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

222
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Single nucleus
A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

223
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Spherical chromatoid bodies
A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

224
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ 10-45 um
A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

225
Q
  1. Trophozoite ✓ Has single vesicular nucleus and also a large karyosome
A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

226
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ Uninucleated and double walled
A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

227
Q
  1. Cyst ✓ 16 um
A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

228
Q

➢ Major causative agent of Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis (PAM)

A
229
Q

➢ Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

A
230
Q

− Usually fatal within a week of onset

A

➢ Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

231
Q

− On autopsy examination (of mice and animals), the normal architecture of the brain particularly the olfactory lobes and cerebral cortex is completely destroyed. (“Brain-eating amoeba”)

A

➢ Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

232
Q

− Causes purulent spinal fluid with motile amoeba

A

➢ Primary Amebic Meningoencephalitis

233
Q

Ulcerative Acanthemoeba Keratitis in contact lens wearers

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

234
Q

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

235
Q

Chronic Granulomatous lesions in the brain, skin, kidneys, liver, spleen, uterus, and prostate

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

236
Q

Microabscesses in the lungs and pancreas

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

237
Q

− Causes keratitis, acquired from trauma and contact lens wear

A

Ulcerative Acanthemoeba Keratitis in contact lens wearers

238
Q

− Characterized by severe ocular pain (invasion of cornea or interior of the eye)

A

Ulcerative Acanthemoeba Keratitis in contact lens wearers

239
Q

− Chronic central nervous system infection; generally in debilitated or immunocompromised patients

A

Granulomatous Amebic Encephalitis

240
Q

Chronic Granulomatous lesions in the

A

brain, skin, kidneys, liver, spleen, uterus, and prostate

241
Q

Microabscesses in the

A

lungs and pancreas

242
Q

Stained smears of culture material (demonstration of the trophozoites in CSF)

A

Naegleria species (N. fowleri)

243
Q

Stained smears of culture material

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

244
Q

Histologic examination of brain

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

245
Q

Trophozoites and cysts in corneal scrapings

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

246
Q

✓ Avoid swimming in stagnant water or thermal water

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

247
Q

✓ Salination of water up to 0.7%

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

248
Q

Amphotericin B (given intravenously)

A

Acanthamoeba spp. (A. castellani, A. culbertsoni, A. hutchetti, A. polyphaga)

249
Q

Finger-like

A

Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)

250
Q

Blunt and broader

A

Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)

251
Q

Progressive and directional

A

Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)

252
Q

Sluggish, non-progressive, non-directional

A

Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)

253
Q

Bull’s eye nucleus

A

Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)

254
Q

Eccentric karyosome

A

Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)

255
Q

Clean-looking, with ingested RBCs

A

Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)

256
Q

Dirty-looking, heavily vacuolated due to ingested bacteria and food particles

A

Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)

257
Q

Small race (nonpathogenic) ; Large race (pathogenic)

A

Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)

258
Q

Generally larger

A

Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)

259
Q

Thin

A

Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)

260
Q

Thick

A

Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)

261
Q

1-4 (infective)

A

Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)

262
Q

1-8 nuclei

A

Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)

263
Q

Sausage-shaped

A

Entamoeba histolytica (Pathogenic)

264
Q

Splinter/broomstick appearance

A

Entamoeba coli (Non-Pathogenic)

Clinical Parasitology Lec (21 decks)

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